@article{ansaretal2024,
  title={Driver Heterogeneity in Willingness to Give Control to Conditional Automation},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={18--34},
  volume={103},
  year={2024},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{kamalfarooq2023a,
  title={Ordinal-ResLogit: Interpretable deep residual neural networks for ordered choices},
  author={Kamal, Kimia and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={50},
  pages={100454},
  year={2024}
}

@article{almallahetal2023b,
  title={Untargeted Poisoning Attack Detection in Federated Learning via Behavior Attestation},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and  David L\'opez and Godwin Badu-Marfo and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1-1},
  volume={},
  issue={},
  year={2023},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2023b,
  title={On-demand transit user preference analysis using hybrid choice models},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal and Zhang, Yixue and Farber, Steven},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={49},
  pages={100451},
  year={2023}
}

@article{alsaleh2023a,
  title={Sustainability Analysis Framework for On-Demand Public Transit Systems},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Scientific Reports},
  volume={13},
  pages={13488},
  year={2023}
}

@article{dehman2022,
  title={Capacity Characteristics of Long-Term Work Zones on Signalized Intersection Approaches},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={175},
  pages={103791},
  year={2023}
}

@article{badumarfoetal2023,
  title={An Ensemble Federated Learning Framework for Privacy-by-Design Mobility Behaviour Inference in Smart Cities},
  author={Badu-Marfo, G. and Farooq, B. and Mensah, D.O. and AlMallah, R.},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--25},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{almallahetal2023,
  title={Resilience-by-design in Adaptive Multi-Agent Traffic Control Systems},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and Taha Halabi and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security},
  pages={1-27},
  volume={26},
  issue={3},
  year={2023},
  organization={ACM}
}

@article{ansaretal2023,
  title={Behavioural Modelling of Automated to Manual Control Transition in Conditionally Automated Driving},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={422--435},
  volume={94},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{zhangfarooq2023,
  title={Interpretable and Actionable Vehicular Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction at Road link-level},
  author={Roderick Zhang and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal on Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={104493},
  volume={92},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{meshkanifarooq2023,
  title={Centralized and decentralized algorithms for two-to-one matching problem in ridehailing systems},
  author={Mehdi Meshkani and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics},
  pages={100106},
  volume={12},
  year={2023},
  organization={EURO}
}

@article{kimiafarooq2022,
  title={Debiased machine learning for estimating the causal effect of urban traffic on pedestrian crossing behaviour},
  author={Kimia Kamal and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal of Transportation Research Record},
  pages={1--20},
  year={2023},
  organization={Transpotation Research Board}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2022a,
  title={The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ridesourcing services differed between small towns and large cities},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={PLOS ONE},
  volume={17},
  number={10},
  pages={1--22},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Public Library of Science (PLOS)}
}

@article{sabetfarooq2022,
  title={Green Vehicle Routing Problem: State of the Art and Future Directions},
  author={Sabet, Saba and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  volume={10},
  pages={101622--101642},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{ahmad2022auxiliary,
  title={Auxiliary-LSTM based floor-level occupancy prediction using Wi-Fi access point logs},
  author={Ahmad, Omair and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Smart Cities and Society},
  volume={1},
  number={3},
  pages={195--211},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IOS Press}
}

@article{bfz2022,
  title={Composite Travel Generative Adversarial Networks for Tabular and Sequential Population Synthesis},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={17976--17985},
  volume={23},
  issue={10},
  year={2022},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{mbf2021,
  title={On the Initial Behavior Monitoring Issues in Federated Learning},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{Mudassaretal2022,
	author = {Mahwish Mudassar and Arash Kalatian and Bilal Farooq},
	title = {Analysis of Pedestrian Stress Level Using GSR Sensor in Virtual Immersive Reality},
	journal = {Collective Dynamics},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {pedestrian crossing behaviour; stress level; GSR; virtual reality; autonomous vehicle},
	abstract = {Level of emotional arousal of one's body changes in response to external stimuli in an environment. Given the risks involved while crossing streets, particularly at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks, one can expect a change in the stress level of pedestrians. In this study, we investigate the levels and changes in pedestrian stress, under different road crossing scenarios in immersive virtual reality. To measure stress level of pedestrians, we used Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensors. To collect the required data for the model, Virtual Immersive Reality Environment (VIRE) tool is used, which enables us to measure participant's stress levels in a controlled environment. Detailed experiments were conducted over a 5-month period, with 180 participants from four different places in Toronto to cover a heterogeneous population. Data collected are used to develop behavioural models, to observe the contribution of different variables on increasing pedestrian stress level. The initial modelling results suggested that the density of vehicles has a positive effect, meaning as the density of vehicles increases, so does the stress levels for pedestrians. The sociodemographic information has a relationship to individual’s stress levels. It was noted that younger pedestrians have lower amount of stress when crossing as compared to older pedestrians which have higher amounts of stress. Geometric variables has an impact on the stress level of pedestrians. The greater the number of lanes the greater the observed stress, which is due the crossing distance increasing, while the walking speed remaining the same.},
	issn = {2366-8539},	pages = {1--24},
	doi = {10.17815/CD.2021.124},
	url = {https://collective-dynamics.eu/index.php/cod/article/view/A124}
}

@article{kf2021b,
  title={A context-aware pedestrian trajectory prediction framework for automated vehicles},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{df2021a,
  title={Are Work Zones and Connected Automated Vehicles Ready for a Harmonious Coexistence? A Scoping Review and Research Agenda},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={133},
  pages={103422},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021a,
  title={Interpretable Data-Driven Demand Modelling for On-Demand Transit Services},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={},
  pages={1--30},
  year={2021}
}

@article{mf2021a,
  title={A generalized ride-matching approach for sustainable shared mobility},
  author={Mashkani, S.M. and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--21},
  year={2021},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{blf2021,
  title={Exploring first-mile on-demand transit solutions for North American suburbia: A case study of Markham, Canada},
  author={Buerstlein, Johanna and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={153C},
  pages={1--29},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021,
  title={Cyber-Security Risk Assessment Framework for Blockchains in Smart Mobility},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  volume={2},
  pages={294--311},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ypf2021,
  title={Semi-supervised GANs to Infer Travel Modes in GPS Trajectories},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2021},
}

@article{hbfklosm,
  title={Applications of brain imaging methods in driving behaviour research},
  author={Haghani, M., Bliemer, M.C.J., Farooq, B., Kim, I., Li, Z., Oh, C., Shahhoseini, Z., MacDougall, H.},
  journal={Accident Analysis & Prevention},
  volume={154},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{wf2021,
  title={ResLogit: A residual neural network logit model for data-driven choice modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={126},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{sanaullah2021spatio,
  title={Spatio-Temporal Analysis of On Demand Transit: A Case Study of Belleville, Canada},
  author={Sanaullah, Irum (equal contribution) and Alsaleh, Nael (equal contribution) and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={145},
  pages={284--301},
  year={2021}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={Decoding pedestrian and automated vehicle interactions using immersive virtual reality and interpretable deep learning},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={124},
  pages={102962},
  year={2021}
}

@article{ansar2020investigating,
  title={Investigating the trip configured causal effect of distracted driving on aggressive driving behavior for e-hailing taxi drivers},
  author={Ansar, Muhammad Sajjad and Ma, Yongfeng and Chen, Shuyan and Tang, Kun and Zhang, Ziyu},
  journal={Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition)},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020b,
  title={Deep Learning Based Proactive Multi-Objective Eco-Routing Strategies for Connected & Automated Vehicles},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Frontiers in Future Transportation},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Frontiers}
}

@article{atbh2020,
  title={Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction on Road Network Using Deep Sequence Learning},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={88},
  year={2020}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={A semi-supervised deep residual network for mode detection in Wi-Fi signals},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={2},
  number={2},
  pages={1--14},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{dtbh2020,
  title={Multi-Objective Eco-Routing for Dynamic Control of Connected \& Automated Vehicles},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={87C},
  year={2020}
}

@article{tuetal2020EV,
  title={Electric vehicle charging optimization to minimize marginal greenhouse gas emissions from power generation},
  author={Tu, R., Gai, Y., Farooq, B., Posen, D., Hatzopoulou, M.},
  journal={Applied Energy},
  pages={1--10},
  year={2020},
  volume=277,
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{al2020predtraffic,
  title={Prediction of Traffic Flow via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing},
  year={2020},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{taf2020,
  title={Modelling, Relocation and Real-Time Inventory Control of One-Way Electric Cars Sharing Systems in a Stochastic Petri nets framework},
  author={Benarbia, Taha and Axhausen, Kay and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--15},
  year={2020},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{lopezfarooq2020,
  title={A multi-layered blockchain framework for smart mobility data-markets},
  author={L\'opez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={588--615},
  volume={111 (2020)},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020a,
  title={Multi-Factor Taxonomy of Eco-Routing Models and Future Outlook},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Sensors},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Hindawi}
}

@article{wf2020,
  title={A bi-partite generative model framework for analyzing and simulating large scale multiple discrete-continuous travel behaviour data},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={247--268},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@misc{FarooqBilalandDjavadian,
author = {Farooq, Bilal and Djavadian, Shadi},
title = {{Distributed Traffic Management System with Dynamic End-to-End Routing}},
year = {2019},
publisher={U.S. Provisional Pat. Ser. No. 62/865,725}
}

@article{tadfh2019,
  title={Quantifying the impacts of dynamic control in connected and automated vehicles on greenhouse gas emissions and urban NO2 concentrations},
  author={Ran, Tu and Alfaseeh, Lama and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal  and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  pages={142--151},
  year={2019},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{ypf2019a,
  title={Ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks for Mode Inference in Smartphone Travel Survey},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--8},
  year={2019},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alizadehetal2019,
  title={Frequent Versus Occasional Drivers: A Hybrid Route Choice Model},
  author={Alizadeh, Hamzeh and Farooq, Bilal and Morency, Catherine and Saunier, Nicolas},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{beaulieu2019dynamic,
  title={A Dynamic Mixed Logit Model with Agent Effect for Pedestrian Next Location Choice Using Ubiquitous Wi-Fi Network Data},
  author={Beaulieu, Alexandra and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{badu2019perspective,
  title={A perspective on the challenges and opportunities for privacy-aware big transportation data},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={1},
  number={1},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{badu2019perturbation,
  title={Perturbation Privacy for Sensitive Locations in Transit Data Publication: A Case Study of Montreal Trajet Surveys},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07155},
  year={2019}
}

@article{djavadian2019virtual,
  title={Virtual Immersive Reality based Analysis of Behavioral Responses in Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal and Vasquez, Rafael and Yip, Grace},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07151},
  year={2019}
}

@article{al2019cooperative,
  title={Cooperative Evaluation of the Cause of Urban Traffic Congestion via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  year={2019},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{farooq2018virtual,
  title={Virtual immersive reality for stated preference travel behavior experiments: a case study of autonomous vehicles on urban roads},
  author={Farooq, Bilal and Cherchi, Elisabetta and Sobhani, Anae},
  journal={Transportation research record},
  volume={2672},
  number={50},
  pages={35--45},
  year={2018},
  publisher={SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
}

@article{wong2018discriminative,
  title={Discriminative conditional restricted Boltzmann machine for discrete choice and latent variable modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal and Bilodeau, Guillaume-Alexandre},
  journal={Journal of choice modelling},
  volume={29},
  pages={152--168},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@inproceedings{wong2018modelling,
  title={Modelling Latent Travel Behaviour Characteristics with Generative Machine Learning},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  booktitle={2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)},
  pages={749--754},
  year={2018},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ansaretal2024,
  title={Driver Heterogeneity in Willingness to Give Control to Conditional Automation},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={18--34},
  volume={103},
  year={2024},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{kamalfarooq2023a,
  title={Ordinal-ResLogit: Interpretable deep residual neural networks for ordered choices},
  author={Kamal, Kimia and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={50},
  pages={100454},
  year={2024}
}

@article{almallahetal2023b,
  title={Untargeted Poisoning Attack Detection in Federated Learning via Behavior Attestation},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and  David L\'opez and Godwin Badu-Marfo and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1-1},
  volume={},
  issue={},
  year={2023},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2023b,
  title={On-demand transit user preference analysis using hybrid choice models},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal and Zhang, Yixue and Farber, Steven},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={49},
  pages={100451},
  year={2023}
}

@article{alsaleh2023a,
  title={Sustainability Analysis Framework for On-Demand Public Transit Systems},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Scientific Reports},
  volume={13},
  pages={13488},
  year={2023}
}

@article{dehman2022,
  title={Capacity Characteristics of Long-Term Work Zones on Signalized Intersection Approaches},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={175},
  pages={103791},
  year={2023}
}

@article{badumarfoetal2023,
  title={An Ensemble Federated Learning Framework for Privacy-by-Design Mobility Behaviour Inference in Smart Cities},
  author={Badu-Marfo, G. and Farooq, B. and Mensah, D.O. and AlMallah, R.},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--25},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{almallahetal2023,
  title={Resilience-by-design in Adaptive Multi-Agent Traffic Control Systems},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and Taha Halabi and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security},
  pages={1-27},
  volume={26},
  issue={3},
  year={2023},
  organization={ACM}
}

@article{ansaretal2023,
  title={Behavioural Modelling of Automated to Manual Control Transition in Conditionally Automated Driving},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={422--435},
  volume={94},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{zhangfarooq2023,
  title={Interpretable and Actionable Vehicular Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction at Road link-level},
  author={Roderick Zhang and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal on Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={104493},
  volume={92},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{meshkanifarooq2023,
  title={Centralized and decentralized algorithms for two-to-one matching problem in ridehailing systems},
  author={Mehdi Meshkani and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics},
  pages={100106},
  volume={12},
  year={2023},
  organization={EURO}
}

@article{kimiafarooq2022,
  title={Debiased machine learning for estimating the causal effect of urban traffic on pedestrian crossing behaviour},
  author={Kimia Kamal and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal of Transportation Research Record},
  pages={1--20},
  year={2023},
  organization={Transpotation Research Board}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2022a,
  title={The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ridesourcing services differed between small towns and large cities},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={PLOS ONE},
  volume={17},
  number={10},
  pages={1--22},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Public Library of Science (PLOS)}
}

@article{sabetfarooq2022,
  title={Green Vehicle Routing Problem: State of the Art and Future Directions},
  author={Sabet, Saba and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  volume={10},
  pages={101622--101642},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{ahmad2022auxiliary,
  title={Auxiliary-LSTM based floor-level occupancy prediction using Wi-Fi access point logs},
  author={Ahmad, Omair and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Smart Cities and Society},
  volume={1},
  number={3},
  pages={195--211},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IOS Press}
}

@article{bfz2022,
  title={Composite Travel Generative Adversarial Networks for Tabular and Sequential Population Synthesis},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={17976--17985},
  volume={23},
  issue={10},
  year={2022},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{mbf2021,
  title={On the Initial Behavior Monitoring Issues in Federated Learning},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{Mudassaretal2022,
	author = {Mahwish Mudassar and Arash Kalatian and Bilal Farooq},
	title = {Analysis of Pedestrian Stress Level Using GSR Sensor in Virtual Immersive Reality},
	journal = {Collective Dynamics},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {pedestrian crossing behaviour; stress level; GSR; virtual reality; autonomous vehicle},
	abstract = {Level of emotional arousal of one's body changes in response to external stimuli in an environment. Given the risks involved while crossing streets, particularly at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks, one can expect a change in the stress level of pedestrians. In this study, we investigate the levels and changes in pedestrian stress, under different road crossing scenarios in immersive virtual reality. To measure stress level of pedestrians, we used Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensors. To collect the required data for the model, Virtual Immersive Reality Environment (VIRE) tool is used, which enables us to measure participant's stress levels in a controlled environment. Detailed experiments were conducted over a 5-month period, with 180 participants from four different places in Toronto to cover a heterogeneous population. Data collected are used to develop behavioural models, to observe the contribution of different variables on increasing pedestrian stress level. The initial modelling results suggested that the density of vehicles has a positive effect, meaning as the density of vehicles increases, so does the stress levels for pedestrians. The sociodemographic information has a relationship to individual’s stress levels. It was noted that younger pedestrians have lower amount of stress when crossing as compared to older pedestrians which have higher amounts of stress. Geometric variables has an impact on the stress level of pedestrians. The greater the number of lanes the greater the observed stress, which is due the crossing distance increasing, while the walking speed remaining the same.},
	issn = {2366-8539},	pages = {1--24},
	doi = {10.17815/CD.2021.124},
	url = {https://collective-dynamics.eu/index.php/cod/article/view/A124}
}

@article{kf2021b,
  title={A context-aware pedestrian trajectory prediction framework for automated vehicles},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{df2021a,
  title={Are Work Zones and Connected Automated Vehicles Ready for a Harmonious Coexistence? A Scoping Review and Research Agenda},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={133},
  pages={103422},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021a,
  title={Interpretable Data-Driven Demand Modelling for On-Demand Transit Services},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={},
  pages={1--30},
  year={2021}
}

@article{mf2021a,
  title={A generalized ride-matching approach for sustainable shared mobility},
  author={Mashkani, S.M. and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--21},
  year={2021},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{blf2021,
  title={Exploring first-mile on-demand transit solutions for North American suburbia: A case study of Markham, Canada},
  author={Buerstlein, Johanna and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={153C},
  pages={1--29},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021,
  title={Cyber-Security Risk Assessment Framework for Blockchains in Smart Mobility},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  volume={2},
  pages={294--311},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ypf2021,
  title={Semi-supervised GANs to Infer Travel Modes in GPS Trajectories},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2021},
}

@article{hbfklosm,
  title={Applications of brain imaging methods in driving behaviour research},
  author={Haghani, M., Bliemer, M.C.J., Farooq, B., Kim, I., Li, Z., Oh, C., Shahhoseini, Z., MacDougall, H.},
  journal={Accident Analysis & Prevention},
  volume={154},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{wf2021,
  title={ResLogit: A residual neural network logit model for data-driven choice modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={126},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{sanaullah2021spatio,
  title={Spatio-Temporal Analysis of On Demand Transit: A Case Study of Belleville, Canada},
  author={Sanaullah, Irum (equal contribution) and Alsaleh, Nael (equal contribution) and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={145},
  pages={284--301},
  year={2021}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={Decoding pedestrian and automated vehicle interactions using immersive virtual reality and interpretable deep learning},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={124},
  pages={102962},
  year={2021}
}

@article{ansar2020investigating,
  title={Investigating the trip configured causal effect of distracted driving on aggressive driving behavior for e-hailing taxi drivers},
  author={Ansar, Muhammad Sajjad and Ma, Yongfeng and Chen, Shuyan and Tang, Kun and Zhang, Ziyu},
  journal={Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition)},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020b,
  title={Deep Learning Based Proactive Multi-Objective Eco-Routing Strategies for Connected & Automated Vehicles},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Frontiers in Future Transportation},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Frontiers}
}

@article{atbh2020,
  title={Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction on Road Network Using Deep Sequence Learning},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={88},
  year={2020}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={A semi-supervised deep residual network for mode detection in Wi-Fi signals},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={2},
  number={2},
  pages={1--14},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{dtbh2020,
  title={Multi-Objective Eco-Routing for Dynamic Control of Connected \& Automated Vehicles},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={87C},
  year={2020}
}

@article{tuetal2020EV,
  title={Electric vehicle charging optimization to minimize marginal greenhouse gas emissions from power generation},
  author={Tu, R., Gai, Y., Farooq, B., Posen, D., Hatzopoulou, M.},
  journal={Applied Energy},
  pages={1--10},
  year={2020},
  volume=277,
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{al2020predtraffic,
  title={Prediction of Traffic Flow via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing},
  year={2020},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{taf2020,
  title={Modelling, Relocation and Real-Time Inventory Control of One-Way Electric Cars Sharing Systems in a Stochastic Petri nets framework},
  author={Benarbia, Taha and Axhausen, Kay and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--15},
  year={2020},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{lopezfarooq2020,
  title={A multi-layered blockchain framework for smart mobility data-markets},
  author={L\'opez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={588--615},
  volume={111 (2020)},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020a,
  title={Multi-Factor Taxonomy of Eco-Routing Models and Future Outlook},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Sensors},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Hindawi}
}

@article{wf2020,
  title={A bi-partite generative model framework for analyzing and simulating large scale multiple discrete-continuous travel behaviour data},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={247--268},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@misc{FarooqBilalandDjavadian,
author = {Farooq, Bilal and Djavadian, Shadi},
title = {{Distributed Traffic Management System with Dynamic End-to-End Routing}},
year = {2019},
publisher={U.S. Provisional Pat. Ser. No. 62/865,725}
}

@article{tadfh2019,
  title={Quantifying the impacts of dynamic control in connected and automated vehicles on greenhouse gas emissions and urban NO2 concentrations},
  author={Ran, Tu and Alfaseeh, Lama and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal  and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  pages={142--151},
  year={2019},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{ypf2019a,
  title={Ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks for Mode Inference in Smartphone Travel Survey},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--8},
  year={2019},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alizadehetal2019,
  title={Frequent Versus Occasional Drivers: A Hybrid Route Choice Model},
  author={Alizadeh, Hamzeh and Farooq, Bilal and Morency, Catherine and Saunier, Nicolas},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{beaulieu2019dynamic,
  title={A Dynamic Mixed Logit Model with Agent Effect for Pedestrian Next Location Choice Using Ubiquitous Wi-Fi Network Data},
  author={Beaulieu, Alexandra and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{badu2019perspective,
  title={A perspective on the challenges and opportunities for privacy-aware big transportation data},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={1},
  number={1},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{badu2019perturbation,
  title={Perturbation Privacy for Sensitive Locations in Transit Data Publication: A Case Study of Montreal Trajet Surveys},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07155},
  year={2019}
}

@article{djavadian2019virtual,
  title={Virtual Immersive Reality based Analysis of Behavioral Responses in Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal and Vasquez, Rafael and Yip, Grace},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07151},
  year={2019}
}

@article{al2019cooperative,
  title={Cooperative Evaluation of the Cause of Urban Traffic Congestion via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  year={2019},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{farooq2018virtual,
  title={Virtual immersive reality for stated preference travel behavior experiments: a case study of autonomous vehicles on urban roads},
  author={Farooq, Bilal and Cherchi, Elisabetta and Sobhani, Anae},
  journal={Transportation research record},
  volume={2672},
  number={50},
  pages={35--45},
  year={2018},
  publisher={SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
}

@article{wong2018discriminative,
  title={Discriminative conditional restricted Boltzmann machine for discrete choice and latent variable modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal and Bilodeau, Guillaume-Alexandre},
  journal={Journal of choice modelling},
  volume={29},
  pages={152--168},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@inproceedings{wong2018modelling,
  title={Modelling Latent Travel Behaviour Characteristics with Generative Machine Learning},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  booktitle={2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)},
  pages={749--754},
  year={2018},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ansaretal2024,
  title={Driver Heterogeneity in Willingness to Give Control to Conditional Automation},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={18--34},
  volume={103},
  year={2024},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{kamalfarooq2023a,
  title={Ordinal-ResLogit: Interpretable deep residual neural networks for ordered choices},
  author={Kamal, Kimia and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={50},
  pages={100454},
  year={2024}
}

@article{almallahetal2023b,
  title={Untargeted Poisoning Attack Detection in Federated Learning via Behavior Attestation},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and  David L\'opez and Godwin Badu-Marfo and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1-1},
  volume={},
  issue={},
  year={2023},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2023b,
  title={On-demand transit user preference analysis using hybrid choice models},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal and Zhang, Yixue and Farber, Steven},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={49},
  pages={100451},
  year={2023}
}

@article{alsaleh2023a,
  title={Sustainability Analysis Framework for On-Demand Public Transit Systems},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Scientific Reports},
  volume={13},
  pages={13488},
  year={2023}
}

@article{dehman2022,
  title={Capacity Characteristics of Long-Term Work Zones on Signalized Intersection Approaches},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={175},
  pages={103791},
  year={2023}
}

@article{badumarfoetal2023,
  title={An Ensemble Federated Learning Framework for Privacy-by-Design Mobility Behaviour Inference in Smart Cities},
  author={Badu-Marfo, G. and Farooq, B. and Mensah, D.O. and AlMallah, R.},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--25},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{almallahetal2023,
  title={Resilience-by-design in Adaptive Multi-Agent Traffic Control Systems},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and Taha Halabi and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security},
  pages={1-27},
  volume={26},
  issue={3},
  year={2023},
  organization={ACM}
}

@article{ansaretal2023,
  title={Behavioural Modelling of Automated to Manual Control Transition in Conditionally Automated Driving},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={422--435},
  volume={94},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{zhangfarooq2023,
  title={Interpretable and Actionable Vehicular Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction at Road link-level},
  author={Roderick Zhang and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal on Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={104493},
  volume={92},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{meshkanifarooq2023,
  title={Centralized and decentralized algorithms for two-to-one matching problem in ridehailing systems},
  author={Mehdi Meshkani and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics},
  pages={100106},
  volume={12},
  year={2023},
  organization={EURO}
}

@article{kimiafarooq2022,
  title={Debiased machine learning for estimating the causal effect of urban traffic on pedestrian crossing behaviour},
  author={Kimia Kamal and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal of Transportation Research Record},
  pages={1--20},
  year={2023},
  organization={Transpotation Research Board}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2022a,
  title={The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ridesourcing services differed between small towns and large cities},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={PLOS ONE},
  volume={17},
  number={10},
  pages={1--22},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Public Library of Science (PLOS)}
}

@article{sabetfarooq2022,
  title={Green Vehicle Routing Problem: State of the Art and Future Directions},
  author={Sabet, Saba and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  volume={10},
  pages={101622--101642},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{ahmad2022auxiliary,
  title={Auxiliary-LSTM based floor-level occupancy prediction using Wi-Fi access point logs},
  author={Ahmad, Omair and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Smart Cities and Society},
  volume={1},
  number={3},
  pages={195--211},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IOS Press}
}

@article{bfz2022,
  title={Composite Travel Generative Adversarial Networks for Tabular and Sequential Population Synthesis},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={17976--17985},
  volume={23},
  issue={10},
  year={2022},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{mbf2021,
  title={On the Initial Behavior Monitoring Issues in Federated Learning},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{Mudassaretal2022,
	author = {Mahwish Mudassar and Arash Kalatian and Bilal Farooq},
	title = {Analysis of Pedestrian Stress Level Using GSR Sensor in Virtual Immersive Reality},
	journal = {Collective Dynamics},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {pedestrian crossing behaviour; stress level; GSR; virtual reality; autonomous vehicle},
	abstract = {Level of emotional arousal of one's body changes in response to external stimuli in an environment. Given the risks involved while crossing streets, particularly at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks, one can expect a change in the stress level of pedestrians. In this study, we investigate the levels and changes in pedestrian stress, under different road crossing scenarios in immersive virtual reality. To measure stress level of pedestrians, we used Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensors. To collect the required data for the model, Virtual Immersive Reality Environment (VIRE) tool is used, which enables us to measure participant's stress levels in a controlled environment. Detailed experiments were conducted over a 5-month period, with 180 participants from four different places in Toronto to cover a heterogeneous population. Data collected are used to develop behavioural models, to observe the contribution of different variables on increasing pedestrian stress level. The initial modelling results suggested that the density of vehicles has a positive effect, meaning as the density of vehicles increases, so does the stress levels for pedestrians. The sociodemographic information has a relationship to individual’s stress levels. It was noted that younger pedestrians have lower amount of stress when crossing as compared to older pedestrians which have higher amounts of stress. Geometric variables has an impact on the stress level of pedestrians. The greater the number of lanes the greater the observed stress, which is due the crossing distance increasing, while the walking speed remaining the same.},
	issn = {2366-8539},	pages = {1--24},
	doi = {10.17815/CD.2021.124},
	url = {https://collective-dynamics.eu/index.php/cod/article/view/A124}
}

@article{kf2021b,
  title={A context-aware pedestrian trajectory prediction framework for automated vehicles},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{df2021a,
  title={Are Work Zones and Connected Automated Vehicles Ready for a Harmonious Coexistence? A Scoping Review and Research Agenda},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={133},
  pages={103422},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021a,
  title={Interpretable Data-Driven Demand Modelling for On-Demand Transit Services},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={},
  pages={1--30},
  year={2021}
}

@article{mf2021a,
  title={A generalized ride-matching approach for sustainable shared mobility},
  author={Mashkani, S.M. and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--21},
  year={2021},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{blf2021,
  title={Exploring first-mile on-demand transit solutions for North American suburbia: A case study of Markham, Canada},
  author={Buerstlein, Johanna and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={153C},
  pages={1--29},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021,
  title={Cyber-Security Risk Assessment Framework for Blockchains in Smart Mobility},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  volume={2},
  pages={294--311},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ypf2021,
  title={Semi-supervised GANs to Infer Travel Modes in GPS Trajectories},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2021},
}

@article{hbfklosm,
  title={Applications of brain imaging methods in driving behaviour research},
  author={Haghani, M., Bliemer, M.C.J., Farooq, B., Kim, I., Li, Z., Oh, C., Shahhoseini, Z., MacDougall, H.},
  journal={Accident Analysis & Prevention},
  volume={154},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{wf2021,
  title={ResLogit: A residual neural network logit model for data-driven choice modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={126},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{sanaullah2021spatio,
  title={Spatio-Temporal Analysis of On Demand Transit: A Case Study of Belleville, Canada},
  author={Sanaullah, Irum (equal contribution) and Alsaleh, Nael (equal contribution) and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={145},
  pages={284--301},
  year={2021}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={Decoding pedestrian and automated vehicle interactions using immersive virtual reality and interpretable deep learning},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={124},
  pages={102962},
  year={2021}
}

@article{ansar2020investigating,
  title={Investigating the trip configured causal effect of distracted driving on aggressive driving behavior for e-hailing taxi drivers},
  author={Ansar, Muhammad Sajjad and Ma, Yongfeng and Chen, Shuyan and Tang, Kun and Zhang, Ziyu},
  journal={Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition)},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020b,
  title={Deep Learning Based Proactive Multi-Objective Eco-Routing Strategies for Connected & Automated Vehicles},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Frontiers in Future Transportation},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Frontiers}
}

@article{atbh2020,
  title={Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction on Road Network Using Deep Sequence Learning},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={88},
  year={2020}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={A semi-supervised deep residual network for mode detection in Wi-Fi signals},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={2},
  number={2},
  pages={1--14},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{dtbh2020,
  title={Multi-Objective Eco-Routing for Dynamic Control of Connected \& Automated Vehicles},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={87C},
  year={2020}
}

@article{tuetal2020EV,
  title={Electric vehicle charging optimization to minimize marginal greenhouse gas emissions from power generation},
  author={Tu, R., Gai, Y., Farooq, B., Posen, D., Hatzopoulou, M.},
  journal={Applied Energy},
  pages={1--10},
  year={2020},
  volume=277,
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{al2020predtraffic,
  title={Prediction of Traffic Flow via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing},
  year={2020},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{taf2020,
  title={Modelling, Relocation and Real-Time Inventory Control of One-Way Electric Cars Sharing Systems in a Stochastic Petri nets framework},
  author={Benarbia, Taha and Axhausen, Kay and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--15},
  year={2020},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{lopezfarooq2020,
  title={A multi-layered blockchain framework for smart mobility data-markets},
  author={L\'opez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={588--615},
  volume={111 (2020)},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020a,
  title={Multi-Factor Taxonomy of Eco-Routing Models and Future Outlook},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Sensors},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Hindawi}
}

@article{wf2020,
  title={A bi-partite generative model framework for analyzing and simulating large scale multiple discrete-continuous travel behaviour data},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={247--268},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@misc{FarooqBilalandDjavadian,
author = {Farooq, Bilal and Djavadian, Shadi},
title = {{Distributed Traffic Management System with Dynamic End-to-End Routing}},
year = {2019},
publisher={U.S. Provisional Pat. Ser. No. 62/865,725}
}

@article{tadfh2019,
  title={Quantifying the impacts of dynamic control in connected and automated vehicles on greenhouse gas emissions and urban NO2 concentrations},
  author={Ran, Tu and Alfaseeh, Lama and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal  and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  pages={142--151},
  year={2019},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{ypf2019a,
  title={Ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks for Mode Inference in Smartphone Travel Survey},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--8},
  year={2019},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alizadehetal2019,
  title={Frequent Versus Occasional Drivers: A Hybrid Route Choice Model},
  author={Alizadeh, Hamzeh and Farooq, Bilal and Morency, Catherine and Saunier, Nicolas},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{beaulieu2019dynamic,
  title={A Dynamic Mixed Logit Model with Agent Effect for Pedestrian Next Location Choice Using Ubiquitous Wi-Fi Network Data},
  author={Beaulieu, Alexandra and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{badu2019perspective,
  title={A perspective on the challenges and opportunities for privacy-aware big transportation data},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={1},
  number={1},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{badu2019perturbation,
  title={Perturbation Privacy for Sensitive Locations in Transit Data Publication: A Case Study of Montreal Trajet Surveys},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07155},
  year={2019}
}

@article{djavadian2019virtual,
  title={Virtual Immersive Reality based Analysis of Behavioral Responses in Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal and Vasquez, Rafael and Yip, Grace},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07151},
  year={2019}
}

@article{al2019cooperative,
  title={Cooperative Evaluation of the Cause of Urban Traffic Congestion via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  year={2019},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{farooq2018virtual,
  title={Virtual immersive reality for stated preference travel behavior experiments: a case study of autonomous vehicles on urban roads},
  author={Farooq, Bilal and Cherchi, Elisabetta and Sobhani, Anae},
  journal={Transportation research record},
  volume={2672},
  number={50},
  pages={35--45},
  year={2018},
  publisher={SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
}

@article{wong2018discriminative,
  title={Discriminative conditional restricted Boltzmann machine for discrete choice and latent variable modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal and Bilodeau, Guillaume-Alexandre},
  journal={Journal of choice modelling},
  volume={29},
  pages={152--168},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@inproceedings{wong2018modelling,
  title={Modelling Latent Travel Behaviour Characteristics with Generative Machine Learning},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  booktitle={2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)},
  pages={749--754},
  year={2018},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ansaretal2024,
  title={Driver Heterogeneity in Willingness to Give Control to Conditional Automation},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={18--34},
  volume={103},
  year={2024},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{kamalfarooq2023a,
  title={Ordinal-ResLogit: Interpretable deep residual neural networks for ordered choices},
  author={Kamal, Kimia and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={50},
  pages={100454},
  year={2024}
}

@article{almallahetal2023b,
  title={Untargeted Poisoning Attack Detection in Federated Learning via Behavior Attestation},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and  David L\'opez and Godwin Badu-Marfo and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1-1},
  volume={},
  issue={},
  year={2023},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2023b,
  title={On-demand transit user preference analysis using hybrid choice models},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal and Zhang, Yixue and Farber, Steven},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={49},
  pages={100451},
  year={2023}
}

@article{alsaleh2023a,
  title={Sustainability Analysis Framework for On-Demand Public Transit Systems},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Scientific Reports},
  volume={13},
  pages={13488},
  year={2023}
}

@article{dehman2022,
  title={Capacity Characteristics of Long-Term Work Zones on Signalized Intersection Approaches},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={175},
  pages={103791},
  year={2023}
}

@article{badumarfoetal2023,
  title={An Ensemble Federated Learning Framework for Privacy-by-Design Mobility Behaviour Inference in Smart Cities},
  author={Badu-Marfo, G. and Farooq, B. and Mensah, D.O. and AlMallah, R.},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--25},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{almallahetal2023,
  title={Resilience-by-design in Adaptive Multi-Agent Traffic Control Systems},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and Taha Halabi and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security},
  pages={1-27},
  volume={26},
  issue={3},
  year={2023},
  organization={ACM}
}

@article{ansaretal2023,
  title={Behavioural Modelling of Automated to Manual Control Transition in Conditionally Automated Driving},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={422--435},
  volume={94},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{zhangfarooq2023,
  title={Interpretable and Actionable Vehicular Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction at Road link-level},
  author={Roderick Zhang and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal on Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={104493},
  volume={92},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{meshkanifarooq2023,
  title={Centralized and decentralized algorithms for two-to-one matching problem in ridehailing systems},
  author={Mehdi Meshkani and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics},
  pages={100106},
  volume={12},
  year={2023},
  organization={EURO}
}

@article{kimiafarooq2022,
  title={Debiased machine learning for estimating the causal effect of urban traffic on pedestrian crossing behaviour},
  author={Kimia Kamal and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal of Transportation Research Record},
  pages={1--20},
  year={2023},
  organization={Transpotation Research Board}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2022a,
  title={The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ridesourcing services differed between small towns and large cities},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={PLOS ONE},
  volume={17},
  number={10},
  pages={1--22},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Public Library of Science (PLOS)}
}

@article{sabetfarooq2022,
  title={Green Vehicle Routing Problem: State of the Art and Future Directions},
  author={Sabet, Saba and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  volume={10},
  pages={101622--101642},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{ahmad2022auxiliary,
  title={Auxiliary-LSTM based floor-level occupancy prediction using Wi-Fi access point logs},
  author={Ahmad, Omair and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Smart Cities and Society},
  volume={1},
  number={3},
  pages={195--211},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IOS Press}
}

@article{bfz2022,
  title={Composite Travel Generative Adversarial Networks for Tabular and Sequential Population Synthesis},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={17976--17985},
  volume={23},
  issue={10},
  year={2022},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{mbf2021,
  title={On the Initial Behavior Monitoring Issues in Federated Learning},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{Mudassaretal2022,
	author = {Mahwish Mudassar and Arash Kalatian and Bilal Farooq},
	title = {Analysis of Pedestrian Stress Level Using GSR Sensor in Virtual Immersive Reality},
	journal = {Collective Dynamics},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {pedestrian crossing behaviour; stress level; GSR; virtual reality; autonomous vehicle},
	abstract = {Level of emotional arousal of one's body changes in response to external stimuli in an environment. Given the risks involved while crossing streets, particularly at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks, one can expect a change in the stress level of pedestrians. In this study, we investigate the levels and changes in pedestrian stress, under different road crossing scenarios in immersive virtual reality. To measure stress level of pedestrians, we used Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensors. To collect the required data for the model, Virtual Immersive Reality Environment (VIRE) tool is used, which enables us to measure participant's stress levels in a controlled environment. Detailed experiments were conducted over a 5-month period, with 180 participants from four different places in Toronto to cover a heterogeneous population. Data collected are used to develop behavioural models, to observe the contribution of different variables on increasing pedestrian stress level. The initial modelling results suggested that the density of vehicles has a positive effect, meaning as the density of vehicles increases, so does the stress levels for pedestrians. The sociodemographic information has a relationship to individual’s stress levels. It was noted that younger pedestrians have lower amount of stress when crossing as compared to older pedestrians which have higher amounts of stress. Geometric variables has an impact on the stress level of pedestrians. The greater the number of lanes the greater the observed stress, which is due the crossing distance increasing, while the walking speed remaining the same.},
	issn = {2366-8539},	pages = {1--24},
	doi = {10.17815/CD.2021.124},
	url = {https://collective-dynamics.eu/index.php/cod/article/view/A124}
}

@article{kf2021b,
  title={A context-aware pedestrian trajectory prediction framework for automated vehicles},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{df2021a,
  title={Are Work Zones and Connected Automated Vehicles Ready for a Harmonious Coexistence? A Scoping Review and Research Agenda},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={133},
  pages={103422},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021a,
  title={Interpretable Data-Driven Demand Modelling for On-Demand Transit Services},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={},
  pages={1--30},
  year={2021}
}

@article{mf2021a,
  title={A generalized ride-matching approach for sustainable shared mobility},
  author={Mashkani, S.M. and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--21},
  year={2021},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{blf2021,
  title={Exploring first-mile on-demand transit solutions for North American suburbia: A case study of Markham, Canada},
  author={Buerstlein, Johanna and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={153C},
  pages={1--29},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021,
  title={Cyber-Security Risk Assessment Framework for Blockchains in Smart Mobility},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  volume={2},
  pages={294--311},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ypf2021,
  title={Semi-supervised GANs to Infer Travel Modes in GPS Trajectories},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2021},
}

@article{hbfklosm,
  title={Applications of brain imaging methods in driving behaviour research},
  author={Haghani, M., Bliemer, M.C.J., Farooq, B., Kim, I., Li, Z., Oh, C., Shahhoseini, Z., MacDougall, H.},
  journal={Accident Analysis & Prevention},
  volume={154},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{wf2021,
  title={ResLogit: A residual neural network logit model for data-driven choice modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={126},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{sanaullah2021spatio,
  title={Spatio-Temporal Analysis of On Demand Transit: A Case Study of Belleville, Canada},
  author={Sanaullah, Irum (equal contribution) and Alsaleh, Nael (equal contribution) and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={145},
  pages={284--301},
  year={2021}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={Decoding pedestrian and automated vehicle interactions using immersive virtual reality and interpretable deep learning},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={124},
  pages={102962},
  year={2021}
}

@article{ansar2020investigating,
  title={Investigating the trip configured causal effect of distracted driving on aggressive driving behavior for e-hailing taxi drivers},
  author={Ansar, Muhammad Sajjad and Ma, Yongfeng and Chen, Shuyan and Tang, Kun and Zhang, Ziyu},
  journal={Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition)},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020b,
  title={Deep Learning Based Proactive Multi-Objective Eco-Routing Strategies for Connected & Automated Vehicles},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Frontiers in Future Transportation},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Frontiers}
}

@article{atbh2020,
  title={Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction on Road Network Using Deep Sequence Learning},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={88},
  year={2020}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={A semi-supervised deep residual network for mode detection in Wi-Fi signals},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={2},
  number={2},
  pages={1--14},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{dtbh2020,
  title={Multi-Objective Eco-Routing for Dynamic Control of Connected \& Automated Vehicles},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={87C},
  year={2020}
}

@article{tuetal2020EV,
  title={Electric vehicle charging optimization to minimize marginal greenhouse gas emissions from power generation},
  author={Tu, R., Gai, Y., Farooq, B., Posen, D., Hatzopoulou, M.},
  journal={Applied Energy},
  pages={1--10},
  year={2020},
  volume=277,
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{al2020predtraffic,
  title={Prediction of Traffic Flow via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing},
  year={2020},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{taf2020,
  title={Modelling, Relocation and Real-Time Inventory Control of One-Way Electric Cars Sharing Systems in a Stochastic Petri nets framework},
  author={Benarbia, Taha and Axhausen, Kay and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--15},
  year={2020},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{lopezfarooq2020,
  title={A multi-layered blockchain framework for smart mobility data-markets},
  author={L\'opez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={588--615},
  volume={111 (2020)},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020a,
  title={Multi-Factor Taxonomy of Eco-Routing Models and Future Outlook},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Sensors},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Hindawi}
}

@article{wf2020,
  title={A bi-partite generative model framework for analyzing and simulating large scale multiple discrete-continuous travel behaviour data},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={247--268},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@misc{FarooqBilalandDjavadian,
author = {Farooq, Bilal and Djavadian, Shadi},
title = {{Distributed Traffic Management System with Dynamic End-to-End Routing}},
year = {2019},
publisher={U.S. Provisional Pat. Ser. No. 62/865,725}
}

@article{tadfh2019,
  title={Quantifying the impacts of dynamic control in connected and automated vehicles on greenhouse gas emissions and urban NO2 concentrations},
  author={Ran, Tu and Alfaseeh, Lama and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal  and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  pages={142--151},
  year={2019},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{ypf2019a,
  title={Ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks for Mode Inference in Smartphone Travel Survey},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--8},
  year={2019},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alizadehetal2019,
  title={Frequent Versus Occasional Drivers: A Hybrid Route Choice Model},
  author={Alizadeh, Hamzeh and Farooq, Bilal and Morency, Catherine and Saunier, Nicolas},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{beaulieu2019dynamic,
  title={A Dynamic Mixed Logit Model with Agent Effect for Pedestrian Next Location Choice Using Ubiquitous Wi-Fi Network Data},
  author={Beaulieu, Alexandra and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{badu2019perspective,
  title={A perspective on the challenges and opportunities for privacy-aware big transportation data},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={1},
  number={1},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{badu2019perturbation,
  title={Perturbation Privacy for Sensitive Locations in Transit Data Publication: A Case Study of Montreal Trajet Surveys},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07155},
  year={2019}
}

@article{djavadian2019virtual,
  title={Virtual Immersive Reality based Analysis of Behavioral Responses in Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal and Vasquez, Rafael and Yip, Grace},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07151},
  year={2019}
}

@article{al2019cooperative,
  title={Cooperative Evaluation of the Cause of Urban Traffic Congestion via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  year={2019},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{farooq2018virtual,
  title={Virtual immersive reality for stated preference travel behavior experiments: a case study of autonomous vehicles on urban roads},
  author={Farooq, Bilal and Cherchi, Elisabetta and Sobhani, Anae},
  journal={Transportation research record},
  volume={2672},
  number={50},
  pages={35--45},
  year={2018},
  publisher={SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
}

@article{wong2018discriminative,
  title={Discriminative conditional restricted Boltzmann machine for discrete choice and latent variable modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal and Bilodeau, Guillaume-Alexandre},
  journal={Journal of choice modelling},
  volume={29},
  pages={152--168},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@inproceedings{wong2018modelling,
  title={Modelling Latent Travel Behaviour Characteristics with Generative Machine Learning},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  booktitle={2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)},
  pages={749--754},
  year={2018},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ansaretal2024,
  title={Driver Heterogeneity in Willingness to Give Control to Conditional Automation},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={18--34},
  volume={103},
  year={2024},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{kamalfarooq2023a,
  title={Ordinal-ResLogit: Interpretable deep residual neural networks for ordered choices},
  author={Kamal, Kimia and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={50},
  pages={100454},
  year={2024}
}

@article{almallahetal2023b,
  title={Untargeted Poisoning Attack Detection in Federated Learning via Behavior Attestation},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and  David L\'opez and Godwin Badu-Marfo and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1-1},
  volume={},
  issue={},
  year={2023},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2023b,
  title={On-demand transit user preference analysis using hybrid choice models},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal and Zhang, Yixue and Farber, Steven},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={49},
  pages={100451},
  year={2023}
}

@article{alsaleh2023a,
  title={Sustainability Analysis Framework for On-Demand Public Transit Systems},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Scientific Reports},
  volume={13},
  pages={13488},
  year={2023}
}

@article{dehman2022,
  title={Capacity Characteristics of Long-Term Work Zones on Signalized Intersection Approaches},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={175},
  pages={103791},
  year={2023}
}

@article{badumarfoetal2023,
  title={An Ensemble Federated Learning Framework for Privacy-by-Design Mobility Behaviour Inference in Smart Cities},
  author={Badu-Marfo, G. and Farooq, B. and Mensah, D.O. and AlMallah, R.},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--25},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{almallahetal2023,
  title={Resilience-by-design in Adaptive Multi-Agent Traffic Control Systems},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and Taha Halabi and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security},
  pages={1-27},
  volume={26},
  issue={3},
  year={2023},
  organization={ACM}
}

@article{ansaretal2023,
  title={Behavioural Modelling of Automated to Manual Control Transition in Conditionally Automated Driving},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={422--435},
  volume={94},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{zhangfarooq2023,
  title={Interpretable and Actionable Vehicular Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction at Road link-level},
  author={Roderick Zhang and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal on Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={104493},
  volume={92},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{meshkanifarooq2023,
  title={Centralized and decentralized algorithms for two-to-one matching problem in ridehailing systems},
  author={Mehdi Meshkani and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics},
  pages={100106},
  volume={12},
  year={2023},
  organization={EURO}
}

@article{kimiafarooq2022,
  title={Debiased machine learning for estimating the causal effect of urban traffic on pedestrian crossing behaviour},
  author={Kimia Kamal and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal of Transportation Research Record},
  pages={1--20},
  year={2023},
  organization={Transpotation Research Board}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2022a,
  title={The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ridesourcing services differed between small towns and large cities},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={PLOS ONE},
  volume={17},
  number={10},
  pages={1--22},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Public Library of Science (PLOS)}
}

@article{sabetfarooq2022,
  title={Green Vehicle Routing Problem: State of the Art and Future Directions},
  author={Sabet, Saba and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  volume={10},
  pages={101622--101642},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{ahmad2022auxiliary,
  title={Auxiliary-LSTM based floor-level occupancy prediction using Wi-Fi access point logs},
  author={Ahmad, Omair and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Smart Cities and Society},
  volume={1},
  number={3},
  pages={195--211},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IOS Press}
}

@article{bfz2022,
  title={Composite Travel Generative Adversarial Networks for Tabular and Sequential Population Synthesis},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={17976--17985},
  volume={23},
  issue={10},
  year={2022},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{mbf2021,
  title={On the Initial Behavior Monitoring Issues in Federated Learning},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{Mudassaretal2022,
	author = {Mahwish Mudassar and Arash Kalatian and Bilal Farooq},
	title = {Analysis of Pedestrian Stress Level Using GSR Sensor in Virtual Immersive Reality},
	journal = {Collective Dynamics},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {pedestrian crossing behaviour; stress level; GSR; virtual reality; autonomous vehicle},
	abstract = {Level of emotional arousal of one's body changes in response to external stimuli in an environment. Given the risks involved while crossing streets, particularly at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks, one can expect a change in the stress level of pedestrians. In this study, we investigate the levels and changes in pedestrian stress, under different road crossing scenarios in immersive virtual reality. To measure stress level of pedestrians, we used Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensors. To collect the required data for the model, Virtual Immersive Reality Environment (VIRE) tool is used, which enables us to measure participant's stress levels in a controlled environment. Detailed experiments were conducted over a 5-month period, with 180 participants from four different places in Toronto to cover a heterogeneous population. Data collected are used to develop behavioural models, to observe the contribution of different variables on increasing pedestrian stress level. The initial modelling results suggested that the density of vehicles has a positive effect, meaning as the density of vehicles increases, so does the stress levels for pedestrians. The sociodemographic information has a relationship to individual’s stress levels. It was noted that younger pedestrians have lower amount of stress when crossing as compared to older pedestrians which have higher amounts of stress. Geometric variables has an impact on the stress level of pedestrians. The greater the number of lanes the greater the observed stress, which is due the crossing distance increasing, while the walking speed remaining the same.},
	issn = {2366-8539},	pages = {1--24},
	doi = {10.17815/CD.2021.124},
	url = {https://collective-dynamics.eu/index.php/cod/article/view/A124}
}

@article{kf2021b,
  title={A context-aware pedestrian trajectory prediction framework for automated vehicles},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{df2021a,
  title={Are Work Zones and Connected Automated Vehicles Ready for a Harmonious Coexistence? A Scoping Review and Research Agenda},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={133},
  pages={103422},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021a,
  title={Interpretable Data-Driven Demand Modelling for On-Demand Transit Services},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={},
  pages={1--30},
  year={2021}
}

@article{mf2021a,
  title={A generalized ride-matching approach for sustainable shared mobility},
  author={Mashkani, S.M. and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--21},
  year={2021},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{blf2021,
  title={Exploring first-mile on-demand transit solutions for North American suburbia: A case study of Markham, Canada},
  author={Buerstlein, Johanna and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={153C},
  pages={1--29},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021,
  title={Cyber-Security Risk Assessment Framework for Blockchains in Smart Mobility},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  volume={2},
  pages={294--311},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ypf2021,
  title={Semi-supervised GANs to Infer Travel Modes in GPS Trajectories},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2021},
}

@article{hbfklosm,
  title={Applications of brain imaging methods in driving behaviour research},
  author={Haghani, M., Bliemer, M.C.J., Farooq, B., Kim, I., Li, Z., Oh, C., Shahhoseini, Z., MacDougall, H.},
  journal={Accident Analysis & Prevention},
  volume={154},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{wf2021,
  title={ResLogit: A residual neural network logit model for data-driven choice modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={126},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{sanaullah2021spatio,
  title={Spatio-Temporal Analysis of On Demand Transit: A Case Study of Belleville, Canada},
  author={Sanaullah, Irum (equal contribution) and Alsaleh, Nael (equal contribution) and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={145},
  pages={284--301},
  year={2021}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={Decoding pedestrian and automated vehicle interactions using immersive virtual reality and interpretable deep learning},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={124},
  pages={102962},
  year={2021}
}

@article{ansar2020investigating,
  title={Investigating the trip configured causal effect of distracted driving on aggressive driving behavior for e-hailing taxi drivers},
  author={Ansar, Muhammad Sajjad and Ma, Yongfeng and Chen, Shuyan and Tang, Kun and Zhang, Ziyu},
  journal={Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition)},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020b,
  title={Deep Learning Based Proactive Multi-Objective Eco-Routing Strategies for Connected & Automated Vehicles},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Frontiers in Future Transportation},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Frontiers}
}

@article{atbh2020,
  title={Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction on Road Network Using Deep Sequence Learning},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={88},
  year={2020}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={A semi-supervised deep residual network for mode detection in Wi-Fi signals},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={2},
  number={2},
  pages={1--14},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{dtbh2020,
  title={Multi-Objective Eco-Routing for Dynamic Control of Connected \& Automated Vehicles},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={87C},
  year={2020}
}

@article{tuetal2020EV,
  title={Electric vehicle charging optimization to minimize marginal greenhouse gas emissions from power generation},
  author={Tu, R., Gai, Y., Farooq, B., Posen, D., Hatzopoulou, M.},
  journal={Applied Energy},
  pages={1--10},
  year={2020},
  volume=277,
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{al2020predtraffic,
  title={Prediction of Traffic Flow via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing},
  year={2020},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{taf2020,
  title={Modelling, Relocation and Real-Time Inventory Control of One-Way Electric Cars Sharing Systems in a Stochastic Petri nets framework},
  author={Benarbia, Taha and Axhausen, Kay and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--15},
  year={2020},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{lopezfarooq2020,
  title={A multi-layered blockchain framework for smart mobility data-markets},
  author={L\'opez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={588--615},
  volume={111 (2020)},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020a,
  title={Multi-Factor Taxonomy of Eco-Routing Models and Future Outlook},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Sensors},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Hindawi}
}

@article{wf2020,
  title={A bi-partite generative model framework for analyzing and simulating large scale multiple discrete-continuous travel behaviour data},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={247--268},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@misc{FarooqBilalandDjavadian,
author = {Farooq, Bilal and Djavadian, Shadi},
title = {{Distributed Traffic Management System with Dynamic End-to-End Routing}},
year = {2019},
publisher={U.S. Provisional Pat. Ser. No. 62/865,725}
}

@article{tadfh2019,
  title={Quantifying the impacts of dynamic control in connected and automated vehicles on greenhouse gas emissions and urban NO2 concentrations},
  author={Ran, Tu and Alfaseeh, Lama and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal  and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  pages={142--151},
  year={2019},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{ypf2019a,
  title={Ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks for Mode Inference in Smartphone Travel Survey},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--8},
  year={2019},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alizadehetal2019,
  title={Frequent Versus Occasional Drivers: A Hybrid Route Choice Model},
  author={Alizadeh, Hamzeh and Farooq, Bilal and Morency, Catherine and Saunier, Nicolas},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{beaulieu2019dynamic,
  title={A Dynamic Mixed Logit Model with Agent Effect for Pedestrian Next Location Choice Using Ubiquitous Wi-Fi Network Data},
  author={Beaulieu, Alexandra and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{badu2019perspective,
  title={A perspective on the challenges and opportunities for privacy-aware big transportation data},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={1},
  number={1},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{badu2019perturbation,
  title={Perturbation Privacy for Sensitive Locations in Transit Data Publication: A Case Study of Montreal Trajet Surveys},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07155},
  year={2019}
}

@article{djavadian2019virtual,
  title={Virtual Immersive Reality based Analysis of Behavioral Responses in Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal and Vasquez, Rafael and Yip, Grace},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07151},
  year={2019}
}

@article{al2019cooperative,
  title={Cooperative Evaluation of the Cause of Urban Traffic Congestion via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  year={2019},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{farooq2018virtual,
  title={Virtual immersive reality for stated preference travel behavior experiments: a case study of autonomous vehicles on urban roads},
  author={Farooq, Bilal and Cherchi, Elisabetta and Sobhani, Anae},
  journal={Transportation research record},
  volume={2672},
  number={50},
  pages={35--45},
  year={2018},
  publisher={SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
}

@article{wong2018discriminative,
  title={Discriminative conditional restricted Boltzmann machine for discrete choice and latent variable modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal and Bilodeau, Guillaume-Alexandre},
  journal={Journal of choice modelling},
  volume={29},
  pages={152--168},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@inproceedings{wong2018modelling,
  title={Modelling Latent Travel Behaviour Characteristics with Generative Machine Learning},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  booktitle={2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)},
  pages={749--754},
  year={2018},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ansaretal2024,
  title={Driver Heterogeneity in Willingness to Give Control to Conditional Automation},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={18--34},
  volume={103},
  year={2024},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{kamalfarooq2023a,
  title={Ordinal-ResLogit: Interpretable deep residual neural networks for ordered choices},
  author={Kamal, Kimia and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={50},
  pages={100454},
  year={2024}
}

@article{almallahetal2023b,
  title={Untargeted Poisoning Attack Detection in Federated Learning via Behavior Attestation},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and  David L\'opez and Godwin Badu-Marfo and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1-1},
  volume={},
  issue={},
  year={2023},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2023b,
  title={On-demand transit user preference analysis using hybrid choice models},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal and Zhang, Yixue and Farber, Steven},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={49},
  pages={100451},
  year={2023}
}

@article{alsaleh2023a,
  title={Sustainability Analysis Framework for On-Demand Public Transit Systems},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Scientific Reports},
  volume={13},
  pages={13488},
  year={2023}
}

@article{dehman2022,
  title={Capacity Characteristics of Long-Term Work Zones on Signalized Intersection Approaches},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={175},
  pages={103791},
  year={2023}
}

@article{badumarfoetal2023,
  title={An Ensemble Federated Learning Framework for Privacy-by-Design Mobility Behaviour Inference in Smart Cities},
  author={Badu-Marfo, G. and Farooq, B. and Mensah, D.O. and AlMallah, R.},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--25},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{almallahetal2023,
  title={Resilience-by-design in Adaptive Multi-Agent Traffic Control Systems},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and Taha Halabi and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security},
  pages={1-27},
  volume={26},
  issue={3},
  year={2023},
  organization={ACM}
}

@article{ansaretal2023,
  title={Behavioural Modelling of Automated to Manual Control Transition in Conditionally Automated Driving},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={422--435},
  volume={94},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{zhangfarooq2023,
  title={Interpretable and Actionable Vehicular Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction at Road link-level},
  author={Roderick Zhang and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal on Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={104493},
  volume={92},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{meshkanifarooq2023,
  title={Centralized and decentralized algorithms for two-to-one matching problem in ridehailing systems},
  author={Mehdi Meshkani and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics},
  pages={100106},
  volume={12},
  year={2023},
  organization={EURO}
}

@article{kimiafarooq2022,
  title={Debiased machine learning for estimating the causal effect of urban traffic on pedestrian crossing behaviour},
  author={Kimia Kamal and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal of Transportation Research Record},
  pages={1--20},
  year={2023},
  organization={Transpotation Research Board}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2022a,
  title={The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ridesourcing services differed between small towns and large cities},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={PLOS ONE},
  volume={17},
  number={10},
  pages={1--22},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Public Library of Science (PLOS)}
}

@article{sabetfarooq2022,
  title={Green Vehicle Routing Problem: State of the Art and Future Directions},
  author={Sabet, Saba and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  volume={10},
  pages={101622--101642},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{ahmad2022auxiliary,
  title={Auxiliary-LSTM based floor-level occupancy prediction using Wi-Fi access point logs},
  author={Ahmad, Omair and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Smart Cities and Society},
  volume={1},
  number={3},
  pages={195--211},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IOS Press}
}

@article{bfz2022,
  title={Composite Travel Generative Adversarial Networks for Tabular and Sequential Population Synthesis},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={17976--17985},
  volume={23},
  issue={10},
  year={2022},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{mbf2021,
  title={On the Initial Behavior Monitoring Issues in Federated Learning},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{Mudassaretal2022,
	author = {Mahwish Mudassar and Arash Kalatian and Bilal Farooq},
	title = {Analysis of Pedestrian Stress Level Using GSR Sensor in Virtual Immersive Reality},
	journal = {Collective Dynamics},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {pedestrian crossing behaviour; stress level; GSR; virtual reality; autonomous vehicle},
	abstract = {Level of emotional arousal of one's body changes in response to external stimuli in an environment. Given the risks involved while crossing streets, particularly at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks, one can expect a change in the stress level of pedestrians. In this study, we investigate the levels and changes in pedestrian stress, under different road crossing scenarios in immersive virtual reality. To measure stress level of pedestrians, we used Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensors. To collect the required data for the model, Virtual Immersive Reality Environment (VIRE) tool is used, which enables us to measure participant's stress levels in a controlled environment. Detailed experiments were conducted over a 5-month period, with 180 participants from four different places in Toronto to cover a heterogeneous population. Data collected are used to develop behavioural models, to observe the contribution of different variables on increasing pedestrian stress level. The initial modelling results suggested that the density of vehicles has a positive effect, meaning as the density of vehicles increases, so does the stress levels for pedestrians. The sociodemographic information has a relationship to individual’s stress levels. It was noted that younger pedestrians have lower amount of stress when crossing as compared to older pedestrians which have higher amounts of stress. Geometric variables has an impact on the stress level of pedestrians. The greater the number of lanes the greater the observed stress, which is due the crossing distance increasing, while the walking speed remaining the same.},
	issn = {2366-8539},	pages = {1--24},
	doi = {10.17815/CD.2021.124},
	url = {https://collective-dynamics.eu/index.php/cod/article/view/A124}
}

@article{kf2021b,
  title={A context-aware pedestrian trajectory prediction framework for automated vehicles},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{df2021a,
  title={Are Work Zones and Connected Automated Vehicles Ready for a Harmonious Coexistence? A Scoping Review and Research Agenda},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={133},
  pages={103422},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021a,
  title={Interpretable Data-Driven Demand Modelling for On-Demand Transit Services},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={},
  pages={1--30},
  year={2021}
}

@article{mf2021a,
  title={A generalized ride-matching approach for sustainable shared mobility},
  author={Mashkani, S.M. and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--21},
  year={2021},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{blf2021,
  title={Exploring first-mile on-demand transit solutions for North American suburbia: A case study of Markham, Canada},
  author={Buerstlein, Johanna and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={153C},
  pages={1--29},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021,
  title={Cyber-Security Risk Assessment Framework for Blockchains in Smart Mobility},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  volume={2},
  pages={294--311},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ypf2021,
  title={Semi-supervised GANs to Infer Travel Modes in GPS Trajectories},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2021},
}

@article{hbfklosm,
  title={Applications of brain imaging methods in driving behaviour research},
  author={Haghani, M., Bliemer, M.C.J., Farooq, B., Kim, I., Li, Z., Oh, C., Shahhoseini, Z., MacDougall, H.},
  journal={Accident Analysis & Prevention},
  volume={154},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{wf2021,
  title={ResLogit: A residual neural network logit model for data-driven choice modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={126},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{sanaullah2021spatio,
  title={Spatio-Temporal Analysis of On Demand Transit: A Case Study of Belleville, Canada},
  author={Sanaullah, Irum (equal contribution) and Alsaleh, Nael (equal contribution) and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={145},
  pages={284--301},
  year={2021}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={Decoding pedestrian and automated vehicle interactions using immersive virtual reality and interpretable deep learning},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={124},
  pages={102962},
  year={2021}
}

@article{ansar2020investigating,
  title={Investigating the trip configured causal effect of distracted driving on aggressive driving behavior for e-hailing taxi drivers},
  author={Ansar, Muhammad Sajjad and Ma, Yongfeng and Chen, Shuyan and Tang, Kun and Zhang, Ziyu},
  journal={Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition)},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020b,
  title={Deep Learning Based Proactive Multi-Objective Eco-Routing Strategies for Connected & Automated Vehicles},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Frontiers in Future Transportation},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Frontiers}
}

@article{atbh2020,
  title={Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction on Road Network Using Deep Sequence Learning},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={88},
  year={2020}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={A semi-supervised deep residual network for mode detection in Wi-Fi signals},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={2},
  number={2},
  pages={1--14},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{dtbh2020,
  title={Multi-Objective Eco-Routing for Dynamic Control of Connected \& Automated Vehicles},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={87C},
  year={2020}
}

@article{tuetal2020EV,
  title={Electric vehicle charging optimization to minimize marginal greenhouse gas emissions from power generation},
  author={Tu, R., Gai, Y., Farooq, B., Posen, D., Hatzopoulou, M.},
  journal={Applied Energy},
  pages={1--10},
  year={2020},
  volume=277,
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{al2020predtraffic,
  title={Prediction of Traffic Flow via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing},
  year={2020},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{taf2020,
  title={Modelling, Relocation and Real-Time Inventory Control of One-Way Electric Cars Sharing Systems in a Stochastic Petri nets framework},
  author={Benarbia, Taha and Axhausen, Kay and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--15},
  year={2020},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{lopezfarooq2020,
  title={A multi-layered blockchain framework for smart mobility data-markets},
  author={L\'opez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={588--615},
  volume={111 (2020)},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020a,
  title={Multi-Factor Taxonomy of Eco-Routing Models and Future Outlook},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Sensors},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Hindawi}
}

@article{wf2020,
  title={A bi-partite generative model framework for analyzing and simulating large scale multiple discrete-continuous travel behaviour data},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={247--268},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@misc{FarooqBilalandDjavadian,
author = {Farooq, Bilal and Djavadian, Shadi},
title = {{Distributed Traffic Management System with Dynamic End-to-End Routing}},
year = {2019},
publisher={U.S. Provisional Pat. Ser. No. 62/865,725}
}

@article{tadfh2019,
  title={Quantifying the impacts of dynamic control in connected and automated vehicles on greenhouse gas emissions and urban NO2 concentrations},
  author={Ran, Tu and Alfaseeh, Lama and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal  and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  pages={142--151},
  year={2019},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{ypf2019a,
  title={Ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks for Mode Inference in Smartphone Travel Survey},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--8},
  year={2019},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alizadehetal2019,
  title={Frequent Versus Occasional Drivers: A Hybrid Route Choice Model},
  author={Alizadeh, Hamzeh and Farooq, Bilal and Morency, Catherine and Saunier, Nicolas},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{beaulieu2019dynamic,
  title={A Dynamic Mixed Logit Model with Agent Effect for Pedestrian Next Location Choice Using Ubiquitous Wi-Fi Network Data},
  author={Beaulieu, Alexandra and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{badu2019perspective,
  title={A perspective on the challenges and opportunities for privacy-aware big transportation data},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={1},
  number={1},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{badu2019perturbation,
  title={Perturbation Privacy for Sensitive Locations in Transit Data Publication: A Case Study of Montreal Trajet Surveys},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07155},
  year={2019}
}

@article{djavadian2019virtual,
  title={Virtual Immersive Reality based Analysis of Behavioral Responses in Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal and Vasquez, Rafael and Yip, Grace},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07151},
  year={2019}
}

@article{al2019cooperative,
  title={Cooperative Evaluation of the Cause of Urban Traffic Congestion via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  year={2019},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{farooq2018virtual,
  title={Virtual immersive reality for stated preference travel behavior experiments: a case study of autonomous vehicles on urban roads},
  author={Farooq, Bilal and Cherchi, Elisabetta and Sobhani, Anae},
  journal={Transportation research record},
  volume={2672},
  number={50},
  pages={35--45},
  year={2018},
  publisher={SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
}

@article{wong2018discriminative,
  title={Discriminative conditional restricted Boltzmann machine for discrete choice and latent variable modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal and Bilodeau, Guillaume-Alexandre},
  journal={Journal of choice modelling},
  volume={29},
  pages={152--168},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@inproceedings{wong2018modelling,
  title={Modelling Latent Travel Behaviour Characteristics with Generative Machine Learning},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  booktitle={2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)},
  pages={749--754},
  year={2018},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ansaretal2024,
  title={Driver Heterogeneity in Willingness to Give Control to Conditional Automation},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={18--34},
  volume={103},
  year={2024},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{kamalfarooq2023a,
  title={Ordinal-ResLogit: Interpretable deep residual neural networks for ordered choices},
  author={Kamal, Kimia and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={50},
  pages={100454},
  year={2024}
}

@article{almallahetal2023b,
  title={Untargeted Poisoning Attack Detection in Federated Learning via Behavior Attestation},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and  David L\'opez and Godwin Badu-Marfo and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1-1},
  volume={},
  issue={},
  year={2023},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2023b,
  title={On-demand transit user preference analysis using hybrid choice models},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal and Zhang, Yixue and Farber, Steven},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={49},
  pages={100451},
  year={2023}
}

@article{alsaleh2023a,
  title={Sustainability Analysis Framework for On-Demand Public Transit Systems},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Scientific Reports},
  volume={13},
  pages={13488},
  year={2023}
}

@article{dehman2022,
  title={Capacity Characteristics of Long-Term Work Zones on Signalized Intersection Approaches},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={175},
  pages={103791},
  year={2023}
}

@article{badumarfoetal2023,
  title={An Ensemble Federated Learning Framework for Privacy-by-Design Mobility Behaviour Inference in Smart Cities},
  author={Badu-Marfo, G. and Farooq, B. and Mensah, D.O. and AlMallah, R.},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--25},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{almallahetal2023,
  title={Resilience-by-design in Adaptive Multi-Agent Traffic Control Systems},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and Taha Halabi and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security},
  pages={1-27},
  volume={26},
  issue={3},
  year={2023},
  organization={ACM}
}

@article{ansaretal2023,
  title={Behavioural Modelling of Automated to Manual Control Transition in Conditionally Automated Driving},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={422--435},
  volume={94},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{zhangfarooq2023,
  title={Interpretable and Actionable Vehicular Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction at Road link-level},
  author={Roderick Zhang and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal on Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={104493},
  volume={92},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{meshkanifarooq2023,
  title={Centralized and decentralized algorithms for two-to-one matching problem in ridehailing systems},
  author={Mehdi Meshkani and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics},
  pages={100106},
  volume={12},
  year={2023},
  organization={EURO}
}

@article{kimiafarooq2022,
  title={Debiased machine learning for estimating the causal effect of urban traffic on pedestrian crossing behaviour},
  author={Kimia Kamal and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal of Transportation Research Record},
  pages={1--20},
  year={2023},
  organization={Transpotation Research Board}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2022a,
  title={The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ridesourcing services differed between small towns and large cities},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={PLOS ONE},
  volume={17},
  number={10},
  pages={1--22},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Public Library of Science (PLOS)}
}

@article{sabetfarooq2022,
  title={Green Vehicle Routing Problem: State of the Art and Future Directions},
  author={Sabet, Saba and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  volume={10},
  pages={101622--101642},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{ahmad2022auxiliary,
  title={Auxiliary-LSTM based floor-level occupancy prediction using Wi-Fi access point logs},
  author={Ahmad, Omair and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Smart Cities and Society},
  volume={1},
  number={3},
  pages={195--211},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IOS Press}
}

@article{bfz2022,
  title={Composite Travel Generative Adversarial Networks for Tabular and Sequential Population Synthesis},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={17976--17985},
  volume={23},
  issue={10},
  year={2022},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{mbf2021,
  title={On the Initial Behavior Monitoring Issues in Federated Learning},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{Mudassaretal2022,
	author = {Mahwish Mudassar and Arash Kalatian and Bilal Farooq},
	title = {Analysis of Pedestrian Stress Level Using GSR Sensor in Virtual Immersive Reality},
	journal = {Collective Dynamics},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {pedestrian crossing behaviour; stress level; GSR; virtual reality; autonomous vehicle},
	abstract = {Level of emotional arousal of one's body changes in response to external stimuli in an environment. Given the risks involved while crossing streets, particularly at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks, one can expect a change in the stress level of pedestrians. In this study, we investigate the levels and changes in pedestrian stress, under different road crossing scenarios in immersive virtual reality. To measure stress level of pedestrians, we used Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensors. To collect the required data for the model, Virtual Immersive Reality Environment (VIRE) tool is used, which enables us to measure participant's stress levels in a controlled environment. Detailed experiments were conducted over a 5-month period, with 180 participants from four different places in Toronto to cover a heterogeneous population. Data collected are used to develop behavioural models, to observe the contribution of different variables on increasing pedestrian stress level. The initial modelling results suggested that the density of vehicles has a positive effect, meaning as the density of vehicles increases, so does the stress levels for pedestrians. The sociodemographic information has a relationship to individual’s stress levels. It was noted that younger pedestrians have lower amount of stress when crossing as compared to older pedestrians which have higher amounts of stress. Geometric variables has an impact on the stress level of pedestrians. The greater the number of lanes the greater the observed stress, which is due the crossing distance increasing, while the walking speed remaining the same.},
	issn = {2366-8539},	pages = {1--24},
	doi = {10.17815/CD.2021.124},
	url = {https://collective-dynamics.eu/index.php/cod/article/view/A124}
}

@article{kf2021b,
  title={A context-aware pedestrian trajectory prediction framework for automated vehicles},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{df2021a,
  title={Are Work Zones and Connected Automated Vehicles Ready for a Harmonious Coexistence? A Scoping Review and Research Agenda},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={133},
  pages={103422},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021a,
  title={Interpretable Data-Driven Demand Modelling for On-Demand Transit Services},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={},
  pages={1--30},
  year={2021}
}

@article{mf2021a,
  title={A generalized ride-matching approach for sustainable shared mobility},
  author={Mashkani, S.M. and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--21},
  year={2021},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{blf2021,
  title={Exploring first-mile on-demand transit solutions for North American suburbia: A case study of Markham, Canada},
  author={Buerstlein, Johanna and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={153C},
  pages={1--29},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021,
  title={Cyber-Security Risk Assessment Framework for Blockchains in Smart Mobility},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  volume={2},
  pages={294--311},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ypf2021,
  title={Semi-supervised GANs to Infer Travel Modes in GPS Trajectories},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2021},
}

@article{hbfklosm,
  title={Applications of brain imaging methods in driving behaviour research},
  author={Haghani, M., Bliemer, M.C.J., Farooq, B., Kim, I., Li, Z., Oh, C., Shahhoseini, Z., MacDougall, H.},
  journal={Accident Analysis & Prevention},
  volume={154},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{wf2021,
  title={ResLogit: A residual neural network logit model for data-driven choice modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={126},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{sanaullah2021spatio,
  title={Spatio-Temporal Analysis of On Demand Transit: A Case Study of Belleville, Canada},
  author={Sanaullah, Irum (equal contribution) and Alsaleh, Nael (equal contribution) and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={145},
  pages={284--301},
  year={2021}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={Decoding pedestrian and automated vehicle interactions using immersive virtual reality and interpretable deep learning},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={124},
  pages={102962},
  year={2021}
}

@article{ansar2020investigating,
  title={Investigating the trip configured causal effect of distracted driving on aggressive driving behavior for e-hailing taxi drivers},
  author={Ansar, Muhammad Sajjad and Ma, Yongfeng and Chen, Shuyan and Tang, Kun and Zhang, Ziyu},
  journal={Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition)},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020b,
  title={Deep Learning Based Proactive Multi-Objective Eco-Routing Strategies for Connected & Automated Vehicles},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Frontiers in Future Transportation},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Frontiers}
}

@article{atbh2020,
  title={Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction on Road Network Using Deep Sequence Learning},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={88},
  year={2020}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={A semi-supervised deep residual network for mode detection in Wi-Fi signals},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={2},
  number={2},
  pages={1--14},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{dtbh2020,
  title={Multi-Objective Eco-Routing for Dynamic Control of Connected \& Automated Vehicles},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={87C},
  year={2020}
}

@article{tuetal2020EV,
  title={Electric vehicle charging optimization to minimize marginal greenhouse gas emissions from power generation},
  author={Tu, R., Gai, Y., Farooq, B., Posen, D., Hatzopoulou, M.},
  journal={Applied Energy},
  pages={1--10},
  year={2020},
  volume=277,
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{al2020predtraffic,
  title={Prediction of Traffic Flow via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing},
  year={2020},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{taf2020,
  title={Modelling, Relocation and Real-Time Inventory Control of One-Way Electric Cars Sharing Systems in a Stochastic Petri nets framework},
  author={Benarbia, Taha and Axhausen, Kay and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--15},
  year={2020},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{lopezfarooq2020,
  title={A multi-layered blockchain framework for smart mobility data-markets},
  author={L\'opez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={588--615},
  volume={111 (2020)},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020a,
  title={Multi-Factor Taxonomy of Eco-Routing Models and Future Outlook},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Sensors},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Hindawi}
}

@article{wf2020,
  title={A bi-partite generative model framework for analyzing and simulating large scale multiple discrete-continuous travel behaviour data},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={247--268},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@misc{FarooqBilalandDjavadian,
author = {Farooq, Bilal and Djavadian, Shadi},
title = {{Distributed Traffic Management System with Dynamic End-to-End Routing}},
year = {2019},
publisher={U.S. Provisional Pat. Ser. No. 62/865,725}
}

@article{tadfh2019,
  title={Quantifying the impacts of dynamic control in connected and automated vehicles on greenhouse gas emissions and urban NO2 concentrations},
  author={Ran, Tu and Alfaseeh, Lama and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal  and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  pages={142--151},
  year={2019},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{ypf2019a,
  title={Ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks for Mode Inference in Smartphone Travel Survey},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--8},
  year={2019},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alizadehetal2019,
  title={Frequent Versus Occasional Drivers: A Hybrid Route Choice Model},
  author={Alizadeh, Hamzeh and Farooq, Bilal and Morency, Catherine and Saunier, Nicolas},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{beaulieu2019dynamic,
  title={A Dynamic Mixed Logit Model with Agent Effect for Pedestrian Next Location Choice Using Ubiquitous Wi-Fi Network Data},
  author={Beaulieu, Alexandra and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{badu2019perspective,
  title={A perspective on the challenges and opportunities for privacy-aware big transportation data},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={1},
  number={1},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{badu2019perturbation,
  title={Perturbation Privacy for Sensitive Locations in Transit Data Publication: A Case Study of Montreal Trajet Surveys},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07155},
  year={2019}
}

@article{djavadian2019virtual,
  title={Virtual Immersive Reality based Analysis of Behavioral Responses in Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal and Vasquez, Rafael and Yip, Grace},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07151},
  year={2019}
}

@article{al2019cooperative,
  title={Cooperative Evaluation of the Cause of Urban Traffic Congestion via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  year={2019},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{farooq2018virtual,
  title={Virtual immersive reality for stated preference travel behavior experiments: a case study of autonomous vehicles on urban roads},
  author={Farooq, Bilal and Cherchi, Elisabetta and Sobhani, Anae},
  journal={Transportation research record},
  volume={2672},
  number={50},
  pages={35--45},
  year={2018},
  publisher={SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
}

@article{wong2018discriminative,
  title={Discriminative conditional restricted Boltzmann machine for discrete choice and latent variable modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal and Bilodeau, Guillaume-Alexandre},
  journal={Journal of choice modelling},
  volume={29},
  pages={152--168},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@inproceedings{wong2018modelling,
  title={Modelling Latent Travel Behaviour Characteristics with Generative Machine Learning},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  booktitle={2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)},
  pages={749--754},
  year={2018},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ansaretal2024,
  title={Driver Heterogeneity in Willingness to Give Control to Conditional Automation},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={18--34},
  volume={103},
  year={2024},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{kamalfarooq2023a,
  title={Ordinal-ResLogit: Interpretable deep residual neural networks for ordered choices},
  author={Kamal, Kimia and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={50},
  pages={100454},
  year={2024}
}

@article{almallahetal2023b,
  title={Untargeted Poisoning Attack Detection in Federated Learning via Behavior Attestation},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and  David L\'opez and Godwin Badu-Marfo and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1-1},
  volume={},
  issue={},
  year={2023},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2023b,
  title={On-demand transit user preference analysis using hybrid choice models},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal and Zhang, Yixue and Farber, Steven},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={49},
  pages={100451},
  year={2023}
}

@article{alsaleh2023a,
  title={Sustainability Analysis Framework for On-Demand Public Transit Systems},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Scientific Reports},
  volume={13},
  pages={13488},
  year={2023}
}

@article{dehman2022,
  title={Capacity Characteristics of Long-Term Work Zones on Signalized Intersection Approaches},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={175},
  pages={103791},
  year={2023}
}

@article{badumarfoetal2023,
  title={An Ensemble Federated Learning Framework for Privacy-by-Design Mobility Behaviour Inference in Smart Cities},
  author={Badu-Marfo, G. and Farooq, B. and Mensah, D.O. and AlMallah, R.},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--25},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{almallahetal2023,
  title={Resilience-by-design in Adaptive Multi-Agent Traffic Control Systems},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and Taha Halabi and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security},
  pages={1-27},
  volume={26},
  issue={3},
  year={2023},
  organization={ACM}
}

@article{ansaretal2023,
  title={Behavioural Modelling of Automated to Manual Control Transition in Conditionally Automated Driving},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={422--435},
  volume={94},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{zhangfarooq2023,
  title={Interpretable and Actionable Vehicular Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction at Road link-level},
  author={Roderick Zhang and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal on Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={104493},
  volume={92},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{meshkanifarooq2023,
  title={Centralized and decentralized algorithms for two-to-one matching problem in ridehailing systems},
  author={Mehdi Meshkani and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics},
  pages={100106},
  volume={12},
  year={2023},
  organization={EURO}
}

@article{kimiafarooq2022,
  title={Debiased machine learning for estimating the causal effect of urban traffic on pedestrian crossing behaviour},
  author={Kimia Kamal and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal of Transportation Research Record},
  pages={1--20},
  year={2023},
  organization={Transpotation Research Board}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2022a,
  title={The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ridesourcing services differed between small towns and large cities},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={PLOS ONE},
  volume={17},
  number={10},
  pages={1--22},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Public Library of Science (PLOS)}
}

@article{sabetfarooq2022,
  title={Green Vehicle Routing Problem: State of the Art and Future Directions},
  author={Sabet, Saba and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  volume={10},
  pages={101622--101642},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{ahmad2022auxiliary,
  title={Auxiliary-LSTM based floor-level occupancy prediction using Wi-Fi access point logs},
  author={Ahmad, Omair and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Smart Cities and Society},
  volume={1},
  number={3},
  pages={195--211},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IOS Press}
}

@article{bfz2022,
  title={Composite Travel Generative Adversarial Networks for Tabular and Sequential Population Synthesis},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={17976--17985},
  volume={23},
  issue={10},
  year={2022},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{mbf2021,
  title={On the Initial Behavior Monitoring Issues in Federated Learning},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{Mudassaretal2022,
	author = {Mahwish Mudassar and Arash Kalatian and Bilal Farooq},
	title = {Analysis of Pedestrian Stress Level Using GSR Sensor in Virtual Immersive Reality},
	journal = {Collective Dynamics},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {pedestrian crossing behaviour; stress level; GSR; virtual reality; autonomous vehicle},
	abstract = {Level of emotional arousal of one's body changes in response to external stimuli in an environment. Given the risks involved while crossing streets, particularly at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks, one can expect a change in the stress level of pedestrians. In this study, we investigate the levels and changes in pedestrian stress, under different road crossing scenarios in immersive virtual reality. To measure stress level of pedestrians, we used Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensors. To collect the required data for the model, Virtual Immersive Reality Environment (VIRE) tool is used, which enables us to measure participant's stress levels in a controlled environment. Detailed experiments were conducted over a 5-month period, with 180 participants from four different places in Toronto to cover a heterogeneous population. Data collected are used to develop behavioural models, to observe the contribution of different variables on increasing pedestrian stress level. The initial modelling results suggested that the density of vehicles has a positive effect, meaning as the density of vehicles increases, so does the stress levels for pedestrians. The sociodemographic information has a relationship to individual’s stress levels. It was noted that younger pedestrians have lower amount of stress when crossing as compared to older pedestrians which have higher amounts of stress. Geometric variables has an impact on the stress level of pedestrians. The greater the number of lanes the greater the observed stress, which is due the crossing distance increasing, while the walking speed remaining the same.},
	issn = {2366-8539},	pages = {1--24},
	doi = {10.17815/CD.2021.124},
	url = {https://collective-dynamics.eu/index.php/cod/article/view/A124}
}

@article{kf2021b,
  title={A context-aware pedestrian trajectory prediction framework for automated vehicles},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{df2021a,
  title={Are Work Zones and Connected Automated Vehicles Ready for a Harmonious Coexistence? A Scoping Review and Research Agenda},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={133},
  pages={103422},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021a,
  title={Interpretable Data-Driven Demand Modelling for On-Demand Transit Services},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={},
  pages={1--30},
  year={2021}
}

@article{mf2021a,
  title={A generalized ride-matching approach for sustainable shared mobility},
  author={Mashkani, S.M. and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--21},
  year={2021},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{blf2021,
  title={Exploring first-mile on-demand transit solutions for North American suburbia: A case study of Markham, Canada},
  author={Buerstlein, Johanna and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={153C},
  pages={1--29},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021,
  title={Cyber-Security Risk Assessment Framework for Blockchains in Smart Mobility},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  volume={2},
  pages={294--311},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ypf2021,
  title={Semi-supervised GANs to Infer Travel Modes in GPS Trajectories},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2021},
}

@article{hbfklosm,
  title={Applications of brain imaging methods in driving behaviour research},
  author={Haghani, M., Bliemer, M.C.J., Farooq, B., Kim, I., Li, Z., Oh, C., Shahhoseini, Z., MacDougall, H.},
  journal={Accident Analysis & Prevention},
  volume={154},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{wf2021,
  title={ResLogit: A residual neural network logit model for data-driven choice modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={126},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{sanaullah2021spatio,
  title={Spatio-Temporal Analysis of On Demand Transit: A Case Study of Belleville, Canada},
  author={Sanaullah, Irum (equal contribution) and Alsaleh, Nael (equal contribution) and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={145},
  pages={284--301},
  year={2021}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={Decoding pedestrian and automated vehicle interactions using immersive virtual reality and interpretable deep learning},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={124},
  pages={102962},
  year={2021}
}

@article{ansar2020investigating,
  title={Investigating the trip configured causal effect of distracted driving on aggressive driving behavior for e-hailing taxi drivers},
  author={Ansar, Muhammad Sajjad and Ma, Yongfeng and Chen, Shuyan and Tang, Kun and Zhang, Ziyu},
  journal={Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition)},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020b,
  title={Deep Learning Based Proactive Multi-Objective Eco-Routing Strategies for Connected & Automated Vehicles},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Frontiers in Future Transportation},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Frontiers}
}

@article{atbh2020,
  title={Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction on Road Network Using Deep Sequence Learning},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={88},
  year={2020}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={A semi-supervised deep residual network for mode detection in Wi-Fi signals},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={2},
  number={2},
  pages={1--14},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{dtbh2020,
  title={Multi-Objective Eco-Routing for Dynamic Control of Connected \& Automated Vehicles},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={87C},
  year={2020}
}

@article{tuetal2020EV,
  title={Electric vehicle charging optimization to minimize marginal greenhouse gas emissions from power generation},
  author={Tu, R., Gai, Y., Farooq, B., Posen, D., Hatzopoulou, M.},
  journal={Applied Energy},
  pages={1--10},
  year={2020},
  volume=277,
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{al2020predtraffic,
  title={Prediction of Traffic Flow via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing},
  year={2020},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{taf2020,
  title={Modelling, Relocation and Real-Time Inventory Control of One-Way Electric Cars Sharing Systems in a Stochastic Petri nets framework},
  author={Benarbia, Taha and Axhausen, Kay and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--15},
  year={2020},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{lopezfarooq2020,
  title={A multi-layered blockchain framework for smart mobility data-markets},
  author={L\'opez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={588--615},
  volume={111 (2020)},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020a,
  title={Multi-Factor Taxonomy of Eco-Routing Models and Future Outlook},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Sensors},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Hindawi}
}

@article{wf2020,
  title={A bi-partite generative model framework for analyzing and simulating large scale multiple discrete-continuous travel behaviour data},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={247--268},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@misc{FarooqBilalandDjavadian,
author = {Farooq, Bilal and Djavadian, Shadi},
title = {{Distributed Traffic Management System with Dynamic End-to-End Routing}},
year = {2019},
publisher={U.S. Provisional Pat. Ser. No. 62/865,725}
}

@article{tadfh2019,
  title={Quantifying the impacts of dynamic control in connected and automated vehicles on greenhouse gas emissions and urban NO2 concentrations},
  author={Ran, Tu and Alfaseeh, Lama and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal  and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  pages={142--151},
  year={2019},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{ypf2019a,
  title={Ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks for Mode Inference in Smartphone Travel Survey},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--8},
  year={2019},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alizadehetal2019,
  title={Frequent Versus Occasional Drivers: A Hybrid Route Choice Model},
  author={Alizadeh, Hamzeh and Farooq, Bilal and Morency, Catherine and Saunier, Nicolas},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{beaulieu2019dynamic,
  title={A Dynamic Mixed Logit Model with Agent Effect for Pedestrian Next Location Choice Using Ubiquitous Wi-Fi Network Data},
  author={Beaulieu, Alexandra and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{badu2019perspective,
  title={A perspective on the challenges and opportunities for privacy-aware big transportation data},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={1},
  number={1},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{badu2019perturbation,
  title={Perturbation Privacy for Sensitive Locations in Transit Data Publication: A Case Study of Montreal Trajet Surveys},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07155},
  year={2019}
}

@article{djavadian2019virtual,
  title={Virtual Immersive Reality based Analysis of Behavioral Responses in Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal and Vasquez, Rafael and Yip, Grace},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07151},
  year={2019}
}

@article{al2019cooperative,
  title={Cooperative Evaluation of the Cause of Urban Traffic Congestion via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  year={2019},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{farooq2018virtual,
  title={Virtual immersive reality for stated preference travel behavior experiments: a case study of autonomous vehicles on urban roads},
  author={Farooq, Bilal and Cherchi, Elisabetta and Sobhani, Anae},
  journal={Transportation research record},
  volume={2672},
  number={50},
  pages={35--45},
  year={2018},
  publisher={SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
}

@article{wong2018discriminative,
  title={Discriminative conditional restricted Boltzmann machine for discrete choice and latent variable modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal and Bilodeau, Guillaume-Alexandre},
  journal={Journal of choice modelling},
  volume={29},
  pages={152--168},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@inproceedings{wong2018modelling,
  title={Modelling Latent Travel Behaviour Characteristics with Generative Machine Learning},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  booktitle={2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)},
  pages={749--754},
  year={2018},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ansaretal2024,
  title={Driver Heterogeneity in Willingness to Give Control to Conditional Automation},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={18--34},
  volume={103},
  year={2024},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{kamalfarooq2023a,
  title={Ordinal-ResLogit: Interpretable deep residual neural networks for ordered choices},
  author={Kamal, Kimia and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={50},
  pages={100454},
  year={2024}
}

@article{almallahetal2023b,
  title={Untargeted Poisoning Attack Detection in Federated Learning via Behavior Attestation},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and  David L\'opez and Godwin Badu-Marfo and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1-1},
  volume={},
  issue={},
  year={2023},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2023b,
  title={On-demand transit user preference analysis using hybrid choice models},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal and Zhang, Yixue and Farber, Steven},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={49},
  pages={100451},
  year={2023}
}

@article{alsaleh2023a,
  title={Sustainability Analysis Framework for On-Demand Public Transit Systems},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Scientific Reports},
  volume={13},
  pages={13488},
  year={2023}
}

@article{dehman2022,
  title={Capacity Characteristics of Long-Term Work Zones on Signalized Intersection Approaches},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={175},
  pages={103791},
  year={2023}
}

@article{badumarfoetal2023,
  title={An Ensemble Federated Learning Framework for Privacy-by-Design Mobility Behaviour Inference in Smart Cities},
  author={Badu-Marfo, G. and Farooq, B. and Mensah, D.O. and AlMallah, R.},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--25},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{almallahetal2023,
  title={Resilience-by-design in Adaptive Multi-Agent Traffic Control Systems},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and Taha Halabi and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security},
  pages={1-27},
  volume={26},
  issue={3},
  year={2023},
  organization={ACM}
}

@article{ansaretal2023,
  title={Behavioural Modelling of Automated to Manual Control Transition in Conditionally Automated Driving},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={422--435},
  volume={94},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{zhangfarooq2023,
  title={Interpretable and Actionable Vehicular Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction at Road link-level},
  author={Roderick Zhang and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal on Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={104493},
  volume={92},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{meshkanifarooq2023,
  title={Centralized and decentralized algorithms for two-to-one matching problem in ridehailing systems},
  author={Mehdi Meshkani and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics},
  pages={100106},
  volume={12},
  year={2023},
  organization={EURO}
}

@article{kimiafarooq2022,
  title={Debiased machine learning for estimating the causal effect of urban traffic on pedestrian crossing behaviour},
  author={Kimia Kamal and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal of Transportation Research Record},
  pages={1--20},
  year={2023},
  organization={Transpotation Research Board}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2022a,
  title={The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ridesourcing services differed between small towns and large cities},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={PLOS ONE},
  volume={17},
  number={10},
  pages={1--22},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Public Library of Science (PLOS)}
}

@article{sabetfarooq2022,
  title={Green Vehicle Routing Problem: State of the Art and Future Directions},
  author={Sabet, Saba and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  volume={10},
  pages={101622--101642},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{ahmad2022auxiliary,
  title={Auxiliary-LSTM based floor-level occupancy prediction using Wi-Fi access point logs},
  author={Ahmad, Omair and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Smart Cities and Society},
  volume={1},
  number={3},
  pages={195--211},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IOS Press}
}

@article{bfz2022,
  title={Composite Travel Generative Adversarial Networks for Tabular and Sequential Population Synthesis},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={17976--17985},
  volume={23},
  issue={10},
  year={2022},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{mbf2021,
  title={On the Initial Behavior Monitoring Issues in Federated Learning},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{Mudassaretal2022,
	author = {Mahwish Mudassar and Arash Kalatian and Bilal Farooq},
	title = {Analysis of Pedestrian Stress Level Using GSR Sensor in Virtual Immersive Reality},
	journal = {Collective Dynamics},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {pedestrian crossing behaviour; stress level; GSR; virtual reality; autonomous vehicle},
	abstract = {Level of emotional arousal of one's body changes in response to external stimuli in an environment. Given the risks involved while crossing streets, particularly at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks, one can expect a change in the stress level of pedestrians. In this study, we investigate the levels and changes in pedestrian stress, under different road crossing scenarios in immersive virtual reality. To measure stress level of pedestrians, we used Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensors. To collect the required data for the model, Virtual Immersive Reality Environment (VIRE) tool is used, which enables us to measure participant's stress levels in a controlled environment. Detailed experiments were conducted over a 5-month period, with 180 participants from four different places in Toronto to cover a heterogeneous population. Data collected are used to develop behavioural models, to observe the contribution of different variables on increasing pedestrian stress level. The initial modelling results suggested that the density of vehicles has a positive effect, meaning as the density of vehicles increases, so does the stress levels for pedestrians. The sociodemographic information has a relationship to individual’s stress levels. It was noted that younger pedestrians have lower amount of stress when crossing as compared to older pedestrians which have higher amounts of stress. Geometric variables has an impact on the stress level of pedestrians. The greater the number of lanes the greater the observed stress, which is due the crossing distance increasing, while the walking speed remaining the same.},
	issn = {2366-8539},	pages = {1--24},
	doi = {10.17815/CD.2021.124},
	url = {https://collective-dynamics.eu/index.php/cod/article/view/A124}
}

@article{kf2021b,
  title={A context-aware pedestrian trajectory prediction framework for automated vehicles},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{df2021a,
  title={Are Work Zones and Connected Automated Vehicles Ready for a Harmonious Coexistence? A Scoping Review and Research Agenda},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={133},
  pages={103422},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021a,
  title={Interpretable Data-Driven Demand Modelling for On-Demand Transit Services},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={},
  pages={1--30},
  year={2021}
}

@article{mf2021a,
  title={A generalized ride-matching approach for sustainable shared mobility},
  author={Mashkani, S.M. and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--21},
  year={2021},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{blf2021,
  title={Exploring first-mile on-demand transit solutions for North American suburbia: A case study of Markham, Canada},
  author={Buerstlein, Johanna and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={153C},
  pages={1--29},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021,
  title={Cyber-Security Risk Assessment Framework for Blockchains in Smart Mobility},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  volume={2},
  pages={294--311},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ypf2021,
  title={Semi-supervised GANs to Infer Travel Modes in GPS Trajectories},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2021},
}

@article{hbfklosm,
  title={Applications of brain imaging methods in driving behaviour research},
  author={Haghani, M., Bliemer, M.C.J., Farooq, B., Kim, I., Li, Z., Oh, C., Shahhoseini, Z., MacDougall, H.},
  journal={Accident Analysis & Prevention},
  volume={154},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{wf2021,
  title={ResLogit: A residual neural network logit model for data-driven choice modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={126},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{sanaullah2021spatio,
  title={Spatio-Temporal Analysis of On Demand Transit: A Case Study of Belleville, Canada},
  author={Sanaullah, Irum (equal contribution) and Alsaleh, Nael (equal contribution) and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={145},
  pages={284--301},
  year={2021}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={Decoding pedestrian and automated vehicle interactions using immersive virtual reality and interpretable deep learning},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={124},
  pages={102962},
  year={2021}
}

@article{ansar2020investigating,
  title={Investigating the trip configured causal effect of distracted driving on aggressive driving behavior for e-hailing taxi drivers},
  author={Ansar, Muhammad Sajjad and Ma, Yongfeng and Chen, Shuyan and Tang, Kun and Zhang, Ziyu},
  journal={Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition)},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020b,
  title={Deep Learning Based Proactive Multi-Objective Eco-Routing Strategies for Connected & Automated Vehicles},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Frontiers in Future Transportation},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Frontiers}
}

@article{atbh2020,
  title={Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction on Road Network Using Deep Sequence Learning},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={88},
  year={2020}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={A semi-supervised deep residual network for mode detection in Wi-Fi signals},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={2},
  number={2},
  pages={1--14},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{dtbh2020,
  title={Multi-Objective Eco-Routing for Dynamic Control of Connected \& Automated Vehicles},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={87C},
  year={2020}
}

@article{tuetal2020EV,
  title={Electric vehicle charging optimization to minimize marginal greenhouse gas emissions from power generation},
  author={Tu, R., Gai, Y., Farooq, B., Posen, D., Hatzopoulou, M.},
  journal={Applied Energy},
  pages={1--10},
  year={2020},
  volume=277,
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{al2020predtraffic,
  title={Prediction of Traffic Flow via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing},
  year={2020},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{taf2020,
  title={Modelling, Relocation and Real-Time Inventory Control of One-Way Electric Cars Sharing Systems in a Stochastic Petri nets framework},
  author={Benarbia, Taha and Axhausen, Kay and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--15},
  year={2020},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{lopezfarooq2020,
  title={A multi-layered blockchain framework for smart mobility data-markets},
  author={L\'opez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={588--615},
  volume={111 (2020)},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020a,
  title={Multi-Factor Taxonomy of Eco-Routing Models and Future Outlook},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Sensors},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Hindawi}
}

@article{wf2020,
  title={A bi-partite generative model framework for analyzing and simulating large scale multiple discrete-continuous travel behaviour data},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={247--268},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@misc{FarooqBilalandDjavadian,
author = {Farooq, Bilal and Djavadian, Shadi},
title = {{Distributed Traffic Management System with Dynamic End-to-End Routing}},
year = {2019},
publisher={U.S. Provisional Pat. Ser. No. 62/865,725}
}

@article{tadfh2019,
  title={Quantifying the impacts of dynamic control in connected and automated vehicles on greenhouse gas emissions and urban NO2 concentrations},
  author={Ran, Tu and Alfaseeh, Lama and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal  and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  pages={142--151},
  year={2019},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{ypf2019a,
  title={Ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks for Mode Inference in Smartphone Travel Survey},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--8},
  year={2019},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alizadehetal2019,
  title={Frequent Versus Occasional Drivers: A Hybrid Route Choice Model},
  author={Alizadeh, Hamzeh and Farooq, Bilal and Morency, Catherine and Saunier, Nicolas},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{beaulieu2019dynamic,
  title={A Dynamic Mixed Logit Model with Agent Effect for Pedestrian Next Location Choice Using Ubiquitous Wi-Fi Network Data},
  author={Beaulieu, Alexandra and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{badu2019perspective,
  title={A perspective on the challenges and opportunities for privacy-aware big transportation data},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={1},
  number={1},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{badu2019perturbation,
  title={Perturbation Privacy for Sensitive Locations in Transit Data Publication: A Case Study of Montreal Trajet Surveys},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07155},
  year={2019}
}

@article{djavadian2019virtual,
  title={Virtual Immersive Reality based Analysis of Behavioral Responses in Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal and Vasquez, Rafael and Yip, Grace},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07151},
  year={2019}
}

@article{al2019cooperative,
  title={Cooperative Evaluation of the Cause of Urban Traffic Congestion via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  year={2019},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{farooq2018virtual,
  title={Virtual immersive reality for stated preference travel behavior experiments: a case study of autonomous vehicles on urban roads},
  author={Farooq, Bilal and Cherchi, Elisabetta and Sobhani, Anae},
  journal={Transportation research record},
  volume={2672},
  number={50},
  pages={35--45},
  year={2018},
  publisher={SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
}

@article{wong2018discriminative,
  title={Discriminative conditional restricted Boltzmann machine for discrete choice and latent variable modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal and Bilodeau, Guillaume-Alexandre},
  journal={Journal of choice modelling},
  volume={29},
  pages={152--168},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@inproceedings{wong2018modelling,
  title={Modelling Latent Travel Behaviour Characteristics with Generative Machine Learning},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  booktitle={2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)},
  pages={749--754},
  year={2018},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ansaretal2024,
  title={Driver Heterogeneity in Willingness to Give Control to Conditional Automation},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={18--34},
  volume={103},
  year={2024},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{kamalfarooq2023a,
  title={Ordinal-ResLogit: Interpretable deep residual neural networks for ordered choices},
  author={Kamal, Kimia and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={50},
  pages={100454},
  year={2024}
}

@article{almallahetal2023b,
  title={Untargeted Poisoning Attack Detection in Federated Learning via Behavior Attestation},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and  David L\'opez and Godwin Badu-Marfo and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1-1},
  volume={},
  issue={},
  year={2023},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2023b,
  title={On-demand transit user preference analysis using hybrid choice models},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal and Zhang, Yixue and Farber, Steven},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={49},
  pages={100451},
  year={2023}
}

@article{alsaleh2023a,
  title={Sustainability Analysis Framework for On-Demand Public Transit Systems},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Scientific Reports},
  volume={13},
  pages={13488},
  year={2023}
}

@article{dehman2022,
  title={Capacity Characteristics of Long-Term Work Zones on Signalized Intersection Approaches},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={175},
  pages={103791},
  year={2023}
}

@article{badumarfoetal2023,
  title={An Ensemble Federated Learning Framework for Privacy-by-Design Mobility Behaviour Inference in Smart Cities},
  author={Badu-Marfo, G. and Farooq, B. and Mensah, D.O. and AlMallah, R.},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--25},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{almallahetal2023,
  title={Resilience-by-design in Adaptive Multi-Agent Traffic Control Systems},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and Taha Halabi and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security},
  pages={1-27},
  volume={26},
  issue={3},
  year={2023},
  organization={ACM}
}

@article{ansaretal2023,
  title={Behavioural Modelling of Automated to Manual Control Transition in Conditionally Automated Driving},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={422--435},
  volume={94},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{zhangfarooq2023,
  title={Interpretable and Actionable Vehicular Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction at Road link-level},
  author={Roderick Zhang and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal on Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={104493},
  volume={92},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{meshkanifarooq2023,
  title={Centralized and decentralized algorithms for two-to-one matching problem in ridehailing systems},
  author={Mehdi Meshkani and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics},
  pages={100106},
  volume={12},
  year={2023},
  organization={EURO}
}

@article{kimiafarooq2022,
  title={Debiased machine learning for estimating the causal effect of urban traffic on pedestrian crossing behaviour},
  author={Kimia Kamal and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal of Transportation Research Record},
  pages={1--20},
  year={2023},
  organization={Transpotation Research Board}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2022a,
  title={The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ridesourcing services differed between small towns and large cities},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={PLOS ONE},
  volume={17},
  number={10},
  pages={1--22},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Public Library of Science (PLOS)}
}

@article{sabetfarooq2022,
  title={Green Vehicle Routing Problem: State of the Art and Future Directions},
  author={Sabet, Saba and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  volume={10},
  pages={101622--101642},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{ahmad2022auxiliary,
  title={Auxiliary-LSTM based floor-level occupancy prediction using Wi-Fi access point logs},
  author={Ahmad, Omair and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Smart Cities and Society},
  volume={1},
  number={3},
  pages={195--211},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IOS Press}
}

@article{bfz2022,
  title={Composite Travel Generative Adversarial Networks for Tabular and Sequential Population Synthesis},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={17976--17985},
  volume={23},
  issue={10},
  year={2022},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{mbf2021,
  title={On the Initial Behavior Monitoring Issues in Federated Learning},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{Mudassaretal2022,
	author = {Mahwish Mudassar and Arash Kalatian and Bilal Farooq},
	title = {Analysis of Pedestrian Stress Level Using GSR Sensor in Virtual Immersive Reality},
	journal = {Collective Dynamics},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {pedestrian crossing behaviour; stress level; GSR; virtual reality; autonomous vehicle},
	abstract = {Level of emotional arousal of one's body changes in response to external stimuli in an environment. Given the risks involved while crossing streets, particularly at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks, one can expect a change in the stress level of pedestrians. In this study, we investigate the levels and changes in pedestrian stress, under different road crossing scenarios in immersive virtual reality. To measure stress level of pedestrians, we used Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensors. To collect the required data for the model, Virtual Immersive Reality Environment (VIRE) tool is used, which enables us to measure participant's stress levels in a controlled environment. Detailed experiments were conducted over a 5-month period, with 180 participants from four different places in Toronto to cover a heterogeneous population. Data collected are used to develop behavioural models, to observe the contribution of different variables on increasing pedestrian stress level. The initial modelling results suggested that the density of vehicles has a positive effect, meaning as the density of vehicles increases, so does the stress levels for pedestrians. The sociodemographic information has a relationship to individual’s stress levels. It was noted that younger pedestrians have lower amount of stress when crossing as compared to older pedestrians which have higher amounts of stress. Geometric variables has an impact on the stress level of pedestrians. The greater the number of lanes the greater the observed stress, which is due the crossing distance increasing, while the walking speed remaining the same.},
	issn = {2366-8539},	pages = {1--24},
	doi = {10.17815/CD.2021.124},
	url = {https://collective-dynamics.eu/index.php/cod/article/view/A124}
}

@article{kf2021b,
  title={A context-aware pedestrian trajectory prediction framework for automated vehicles},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{df2021a,
  title={Are Work Zones and Connected Automated Vehicles Ready for a Harmonious Coexistence? A Scoping Review and Research Agenda},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={133},
  pages={103422},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021a,
  title={Interpretable Data-Driven Demand Modelling for On-Demand Transit Services},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={},
  pages={1--30},
  year={2021}
}

@article{mf2021a,
  title={A generalized ride-matching approach for sustainable shared mobility},
  author={Mashkani, S.M. and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--21},
  year={2021},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{blf2021,
  title={Exploring first-mile on-demand transit solutions for North American suburbia: A case study of Markham, Canada},
  author={Buerstlein, Johanna and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={153C},
  pages={1--29},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021,
  title={Cyber-Security Risk Assessment Framework for Blockchains in Smart Mobility},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  volume={2},
  pages={294--311},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ypf2021,
  title={Semi-supervised GANs to Infer Travel Modes in GPS Trajectories},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2021},
}

@article{hbfklosm,
  title={Applications of brain imaging methods in driving behaviour research},
  author={Haghani, M., Bliemer, M.C.J., Farooq, B., Kim, I., Li, Z., Oh, C., Shahhoseini, Z., MacDougall, H.},
  journal={Accident Analysis & Prevention},
  volume={154},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{wf2021,
  title={ResLogit: A residual neural network logit model for data-driven choice modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={126},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{sanaullah2021spatio,
  title={Spatio-Temporal Analysis of On Demand Transit: A Case Study of Belleville, Canada},
  author={Sanaullah, Irum (equal contribution) and Alsaleh, Nael (equal contribution) and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={145},
  pages={284--301},
  year={2021}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={Decoding pedestrian and automated vehicle interactions using immersive virtual reality and interpretable deep learning},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={124},
  pages={102962},
  year={2021}
}

@article{ansar2020investigating,
  title={Investigating the trip configured causal effect of distracted driving on aggressive driving behavior for e-hailing taxi drivers},
  author={Ansar, Muhammad Sajjad and Ma, Yongfeng and Chen, Shuyan and Tang, Kun and Zhang, Ziyu},
  journal={Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition)},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020b,
  title={Deep Learning Based Proactive Multi-Objective Eco-Routing Strategies for Connected & Automated Vehicles},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Frontiers in Future Transportation},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Frontiers}
}

@article{atbh2020,
  title={Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction on Road Network Using Deep Sequence Learning},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={88},
  year={2020}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={A semi-supervised deep residual network for mode detection in Wi-Fi signals},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={2},
  number={2},
  pages={1--14},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{dtbh2020,
  title={Multi-Objective Eco-Routing for Dynamic Control of Connected \& Automated Vehicles},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={87C},
  year={2020}
}

@article{tuetal2020EV,
  title={Electric vehicle charging optimization to minimize marginal greenhouse gas emissions from power generation},
  author={Tu, R., Gai, Y., Farooq, B., Posen, D., Hatzopoulou, M.},
  journal={Applied Energy},
  pages={1--10},
  year={2020},
  volume=277,
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{al2020predtraffic,
  title={Prediction of Traffic Flow via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing},
  year={2020},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{taf2020,
  title={Modelling, Relocation and Real-Time Inventory Control of One-Way Electric Cars Sharing Systems in a Stochastic Petri nets framework},
  author={Benarbia, Taha and Axhausen, Kay and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--15},
  year={2020},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{lopezfarooq2020,
  title={A multi-layered blockchain framework for smart mobility data-markets},
  author={L\'opez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={588--615},
  volume={111 (2020)},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020a,
  title={Multi-Factor Taxonomy of Eco-Routing Models and Future Outlook},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Sensors},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Hindawi}
}

@article{wf2020,
  title={A bi-partite generative model framework for analyzing and simulating large scale multiple discrete-continuous travel behaviour data},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={247--268},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@misc{FarooqBilalandDjavadian,
author = {Farooq, Bilal and Djavadian, Shadi},
title = {{Distributed Traffic Management System with Dynamic End-to-End Routing}},
year = {2019},
publisher={U.S. Provisional Pat. Ser. No. 62/865,725}
}

@article{tadfh2019,
  title={Quantifying the impacts of dynamic control in connected and automated vehicles on greenhouse gas emissions and urban NO2 concentrations},
  author={Ran, Tu and Alfaseeh, Lama and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal  and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  pages={142--151},
  year={2019},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{ypf2019a,
  title={Ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks for Mode Inference in Smartphone Travel Survey},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--8},
  year={2019},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alizadehetal2019,
  title={Frequent Versus Occasional Drivers: A Hybrid Route Choice Model},
  author={Alizadeh, Hamzeh and Farooq, Bilal and Morency, Catherine and Saunier, Nicolas},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{beaulieu2019dynamic,
  title={A Dynamic Mixed Logit Model with Agent Effect for Pedestrian Next Location Choice Using Ubiquitous Wi-Fi Network Data},
  author={Beaulieu, Alexandra and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{badu2019perspective,
  title={A perspective on the challenges and opportunities for privacy-aware big transportation data},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={1},
  number={1},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{badu2019perturbation,
  title={Perturbation Privacy for Sensitive Locations in Transit Data Publication: A Case Study of Montreal Trajet Surveys},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07155},
  year={2019}
}

@article{djavadian2019virtual,
  title={Virtual Immersive Reality based Analysis of Behavioral Responses in Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal and Vasquez, Rafael and Yip, Grace},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07151},
  year={2019}
}

@article{al2019cooperative,
  title={Cooperative Evaluation of the Cause of Urban Traffic Congestion via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  year={2019},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{farooq2018virtual,
  title={Virtual immersive reality for stated preference travel behavior experiments: a case study of autonomous vehicles on urban roads},
  author={Farooq, Bilal and Cherchi, Elisabetta and Sobhani, Anae},
  journal={Transportation research record},
  volume={2672},
  number={50},
  pages={35--45},
  year={2018},
  publisher={SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA}
}

@article{wong2018discriminative,
  title={Discriminative conditional restricted Boltzmann machine for discrete choice and latent variable modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal and Bilodeau, Guillaume-Alexandre},
  journal={Journal of choice modelling},
  volume={29},
  pages={152--168},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@inproceedings{wong2018modelling,
  title={Modelling Latent Travel Behaviour Characteristics with Generative Machine Learning},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  booktitle={2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)},
  pages={749--754},
  year={2018},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ansaretal2024,
  title={Driver Heterogeneity in Willingness to Give Control to Conditional Automation},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={18--34},
  volume={103},
  year={2024},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{kamalfarooq2023a,
  title={Ordinal-ResLogit: Interpretable deep residual neural networks for ordered choices},
  author={Kamal, Kimia and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={50},
  pages={100454},
  year={2024}
}

@article{almallahetal2023b,
  title={Untargeted Poisoning Attack Detection in Federated Learning via Behavior Attestation},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and  David L\'opez and Godwin Badu-Marfo and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1-1},
  volume={},
  issue={},
  year={2023},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2023b,
  title={On-demand transit user preference analysis using hybrid choice models},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal and Zhang, Yixue and Farber, Steven},
  journal={Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume={49},
  pages={100451},
  year={2023}
}

@article{alsaleh2023a,
  title={Sustainability Analysis Framework for On-Demand Public Transit Systems},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Scientific Reports},
  volume={13},
  pages={13488},
  year={2023}
}

@article{dehman2022,
  title={Capacity Characteristics of Long-Term Work Zones on Signalized Intersection Approaches},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={175},
  pages={103791},
  year={2023}
}

@article{badumarfoetal2023,
  title={An Ensemble Federated Learning Framework for Privacy-by-Design Mobility Behaviour Inference in Smart Cities},
  author={Badu-Marfo, G. and Farooq, B. and Mensah, D.O. and AlMallah, R.},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--25},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{almallahetal2023,
  title={Resilience-by-design in Adaptive Multi-Agent Traffic Control Systems},
  author={Ranwa Almallah and Taha Halabi and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security},
  pages={1-27},
  volume={26},
  issue={3},
  year={2023},
  organization={ACM}
}

@article{ansaretal2023,
  title={Behavioural Modelling of Automated to Manual Control Transition in Conditionally Automated Driving},
  author={M. Sajjad Ansar and Nael Alsaleh and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  pages={422--435},
  volume={94},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{zhangfarooq2023,
  title={Interpretable and Actionable Vehicular Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction at Road link-level},
  author={Roderick Zhang and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal on Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={104493},
  volume={92},
  year={2023},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{meshkanifarooq2023,
  title={Centralized and decentralized algorithms for two-to-one matching problem in ridehailing systems},
  author={Mehdi Meshkani and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics},
  pages={100106},
  volume={12},
  year={2023},
  organization={EURO}
}

@article{kimiafarooq2022,
  title={Debiased machine learning for estimating the causal effect of urban traffic on pedestrian crossing behaviour},
  author={Kimia Kamal and Bilal Farooq},
  journal={Journal of Transportation Research Record},
  pages={1--20},
  year={2023},
  organization={Transpotation Research Board}
}

@article{alsalehfarooq2022a,
  title={The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ridesourcing services differed between small towns and large cities},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={PLOS ONE},
  volume={17},
  number={10},
  pages={1--22},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Public Library of Science (PLOS)}
}

@article{sabetfarooq2022,
  title={Green Vehicle Routing Problem: State of the Art and Future Directions},
  author={Sabet, Saba and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  volume={10},
  pages={101622--101642},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{ahmad2022auxiliary,
  title={Auxiliary-LSTM based floor-level occupancy prediction using Wi-Fi access point logs},
  author={Ahmad, Omair and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Smart Cities and Society},
  volume={1},
  number={3},
  pages={195--211},
  year={2022},
  publisher={IOS Press}
}

@article{bfz2022,
  title={Composite Travel Generative Adversarial Networks for Tabular and Sequential Population Synthesis},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={17976--17985},
  volume={23},
  issue={10},
  year={2022},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{mbf2021,
  title={On the Initial Behavior Monitoring Issues in Federated Learning},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Access},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{Mudassaretal2022,
	author = {Mahwish Mudassar and Arash Kalatian and Bilal Farooq},
	title = {Analysis of Pedestrian Stress Level Using GSR Sensor in Virtual Immersive Reality},
	journal = {Collective Dynamics},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {pedestrian crossing behaviour; stress level; GSR; virtual reality; autonomous vehicle},
	abstract = {Level of emotional arousal of one's body changes in response to external stimuli in an environment. Given the risks involved while crossing streets, particularly at unsignalized mid-block crosswalks, one can expect a change in the stress level of pedestrians. In this study, we investigate the levels and changes in pedestrian stress, under different road crossing scenarios in immersive virtual reality. To measure stress level of pedestrians, we used Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensors. To collect the required data for the model, Virtual Immersive Reality Environment (VIRE) tool is used, which enables us to measure participant's stress levels in a controlled environment. Detailed experiments were conducted over a 5-month period, with 180 participants from four different places in Toronto to cover a heterogeneous population. Data collected are used to develop behavioural models, to observe the contribution of different variables on increasing pedestrian stress level. The initial modelling results suggested that the density of vehicles has a positive effect, meaning as the density of vehicles increases, so does the stress levels for pedestrians. The sociodemographic information has a relationship to individual’s stress levels. It was noted that younger pedestrians have lower amount of stress when crossing as compared to older pedestrians which have higher amounts of stress. Geometric variables has an impact on the stress level of pedestrians. The greater the number of lanes the greater the observed stress, which is due the crossing distance increasing, while the walking speed remaining the same.},
	issn = {2366-8539},	pages = {1--24},
	doi = {10.17815/CD.2021.124},
	url = {https://collective-dynamics.eu/index.php/cod/article/view/A124}
}

@article{kf2021b,
  title={A context-aware pedestrian trajectory prediction framework for automated vehicles},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{df2021a,
  title={Are Work Zones and Connected Automated Vehicles Ready for a Harmonious Coexistence? A Scoping Review and Research Agenda},
  author={Dehman, Amjad and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={133},
  pages={103422},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021a,
  title={Interpretable Data-Driven Demand Modelling for On-Demand Transit Services},
  author={Alsaleh, Nael and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={},
  pages={1--30},
  year={2021}
}

@article{mf2021a,
  title={A generalized ride-matching approach for sustainable shared mobility},
  author={Mashkani, S.M. and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Sustainable Cities and Society},
  pages={1--21},
  year={2021},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{blf2021,
  title={Exploring first-mile on-demand transit solutions for North American suburbia: A case study of Markham, Canada},
  author={Buerstlein, Johanna and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={153C},
  pages={1--29},
  year={2021}
}

@article{afl2021,
  title={Cyber-Security Risk Assessment Framework for Blockchains in Smart Mobility},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Lopez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  volume={2},
  pages={294--311},
  year={2021},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{ypf2021,
  title={Semi-supervised GANs to Infer Travel Modes in GPS Trajectories},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2021},
}

@article{hbfklosm,
  title={Applications of brain imaging methods in driving behaviour research},
  author={Haghani, M., Bliemer, M.C.J., Farooq, B., Kim, I., Li, Z., Oh, C., Shahhoseini, Z., MacDougall, H.},
  journal={Accident Analysis & Prevention},
  volume={154},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{wf2021,
  title={ResLogit: A residual neural network logit model for data-driven choice modelling},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={126},
  pages={},
  year={2021}
}

@article{sanaullah2021spatio,
  title={Spatio-Temporal Analysis of On Demand Transit: A Case Study of Belleville, Canada},
  author={Sanaullah, Irum (equal contribution) and Alsaleh, Nael (equal contribution) and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume={145},
  pages={284--301},
  year={2021}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={Decoding pedestrian and automated vehicle interactions using immersive virtual reality and interpretable deep learning},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume={124},
  pages={102962},
  year={2021}
}

@article{ansar2020investigating,
  title={Investigating the trip configured causal effect of distracted driving on aggressive driving behavior for e-hailing taxi drivers},
  author={Ansar, Muhammad Sajjad and Ma, Yongfeng and Chen, Shuyan and Tang, Kun and Zhang, Ziyu},
  journal={Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition)},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020b,
  title={Deep Learning Based Proactive Multi-Objective Eco-Routing Strategies for Connected & Automated Vehicles},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Frontiers in Future Transportation},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Frontiers}
}

@article{atbh2020,
  title={Greenhouse Gas Emission Prediction on Road Network Using Deep Sequence Learning},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={88},
  year={2020}
}

@article{kf2020a,
  title={A semi-supervised deep residual network for mode detection in Wi-Fi signals},
  author={Kalatian, Arash and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={2},
  number={2},
  pages={1--14},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{dtbh2020,
  title={Multi-Objective Eco-Routing for Dynamic Control of Connected \& Automated Vehicles},
  author={Djavadian, Shadi and Tu, Ran and Farooq, Bilal and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume={87C},
  year={2020}
}

@article{tuetal2020EV,
  title={Electric vehicle charging optimization to minimize marginal greenhouse gas emissions from power generation},
  author={Tu, R., Gai, Y., Farooq, B., Posen, D., Hatzopoulou, M.},
  journal={Applied Energy},
  pages={1--10},
  year={2020},
  volume=277,
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{al2020predtraffic,
  title={Prediction of Traffic Flow via Connected Vehicles},
  author={Al Mallah, Ranwa and Quintero, Alejandro and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing},
  year={2020},
  publisher={IEEE}
}

@article{taf2020,
  title={Modelling, Relocation and Real-Time Inventory Control of One-Way Electric Cars Sharing Systems in a Stochastic Petri nets framework},
  author={Benarbia, Taha and Axhausen, Kay and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--15},
  year={2020},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{lopezfarooq2020,
  title={A multi-layered blockchain framework for smart mobility data-markets},
  author={L\'opez, David and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={588--615},
  volume={111 (2020)},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{af2020a,
  title={Multi-Factor Taxonomy of Eco-Routing Models and Future Outlook},
  author={Alfaseeh, Lama and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Journal of Sensors},
  pages={1--18},
  year={2020},
  organization={Hindawi}
}

@article{wf2020,
  title={A bi-partite generative model framework for analyzing and simulating large scale multiple discrete-continuous travel behaviour data},
  author={Wong, Melvin and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  pages={247--268},
  year={2020},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@misc{FarooqBilalandDjavadian,
author = {Farooq, Bilal and Djavadian, Shadi},
title = {{Distributed Traffic Management System with Dynamic End-to-End Routing}},
year = {2019},
publisher={U.S. Provisional Pat. Ser. No. 62/865,725}
}

@article{tadfh2019,
  title={Quantifying the impacts of dynamic control in connected and automated vehicles on greenhouse gas emissions and urban NO2 concentrations},
  author={Ran, Tu and Alfaseeh, Lama and Djavadian, Shadi and Farooq, Bilal  and Hatzopoulou, Marianne},
  journal={Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  pages={142--151},
  year={2019},
  organization={Elsevier}
}

@article{ypf2019a,
  title={Ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks for Mode Inference in Smartphone Travel Survey},
  author={Yazdizadeh, Ali and Patterson, Zachary and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
  pages={1--8},
  year={2019},
  organization={IEEE}
}

@article{alizadehetal2019,
  title={Frequent Versus Occasional Drivers: A Hybrid Route Choice Model},
  author={Alizadeh, Hamzeh and Farooq, Bilal and Morency, Catherine and Saunier, Nicolas},
  journal={Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{beaulieu2019dynamic,
  title={A Dynamic Mixed Logit Model with Agent Effect for Pedestrian Next Location Choice Using Ubiquitous Wi-Fi Network Data},
  author={Beaulieu, Alexandra and Farooq, Bilal},
  journal={International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{badu2019perspective,
  title={A perspective on the challenges and opportunities for privacy-aware big transportation data},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation},
  volume={1},
  number={1},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{badu2019perturbation,
  title={Perturbation Privacy for Sensitive Locations in Transit Data Publication: A Case Study of Montreal Trajet Surveys},
  author={Badu-Marfo, Godwin and Farooq, Bilal and Patterson, Zachary},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.07155},
  year={2019}
}